Characterisation of FOGs in grease trap waste from the processing of chickens in Thailand

Nitayapat, Nuttakan; Chitprasert, Pakamon

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2013.09.010

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The quantitative analysis of the sludge revealed that palmitic acid formed 23.95 and 11.78% of total sludge mass and oleic acid content was 17.18 and 23.13% of Sludge 1 and Sludge 2, respectively. These are within the range of the 10-70% oleic acid content found in FOG (Nitayapat and Chitprasert 2014). Oleic acid and palmitic acid were found in many FOG samples (Nitayapat and Chitprasert 2014;Keener et al 2008;Williams et al 2012) in varying concentrations and ratios.…”

Section: Compounds Identified By Gc-mssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Melting point tests have been used in analyses of FOG samples (e.g., Williams et al 2012;Nitayapat and Chitprasert 2014). The melting point test in this case was conducted to aid in differentiation between metal-bound fatty acids and FFAs.…”

Section: Melting Pointmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar sludge was found after spillage of VOCFs during shipping at sea (ITOPF 2010); aside from this there is currently no literature available on VOCF sludge and its composition. A related phenomenon, fat, oil, and grease (FOG) formation in sewers, has been more extensively studied (e.g., Nitayapat and Chitprasert 2014;He et al 2011;Williams et al 2012;Keener et al 2008) and results in sludge with similar physiochemical characteristics to that observed in the ETP. FOG is partially composed of metallic salts of fatty acids and free fatty acids (FFAs) (He et al 2011;Williams et al 2012), with a water content of 15-95% (Williams et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Physicochemical Characterization of Sludge Originating from Vegetable Oil–Based Cutting Fluids

Sutton

Sapsford

2016

J. Environ. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vegetable oil-based cutting fluids are a relatively recent development in large-scale metal machining. A metal machining factory in Wales that switched from mineral oil-based to vegetable oil-based cutting fluids has experienced the occurrence of a problematic floating sludge within the settling and holding tanks at the on-site effluent treatment plant. Physicochemical analyses have found that the sludge is composed of on average 33% water, 20% oleic acid, and 18% palmitic acid, originating from the vegetable oil-based cutting fluids used at the factory. A solvent separation step was devised and used successfully to separate water inherent within the sludge so as to study the division of the inorganic elements within the water and organic phases of the sludge. It was found that only a minor constituent of the sludge can be accounted for by Ca-bonded fatty acids. Formation of the sludge is suspected to be due to the biologically induced hydrolysis and oxidation of the oils from esters to the free fatty acids and subsequent creaming, forming a layer of stable floating sludge on the surface of the effluent storage tanks.

show abstract

Section: Compounds Identified By Gc-mssupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Melting Pointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Physicochemical Characterization of Sludge Originating from Vegetable Oil–Based Cutting Fluids

Sutton

Sapsford

2016

J. Environ. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Normally, the FFA content of wastewater feedstock ranges from 8% to 100%. ,,,− ,− ,− ,, Many studies reported that the fatty acids C18:1 and C18:2 are the main components found in the composition of GTW. ,,,− ,,,, Table provides some characteristics of GTW oils obtained from previous studies.…”

Section: Lipid Extraction Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, significant effort has been put into optimizing the operating parameters for the extraction of FOG, the esterification reaction to reduce FFA, and the transesterification process. Results show that GTW-derived biodiesel has great potential to substitute for fossil fuels, in terms of both its environmental benefits and economic feasibility. ,− ,− However, as shown in Figure , the low quality of GTW-derived biodiesel, i.e., high level of sulfur and heavy metals, is currently the main obstacle for its marketability, since, in the majority of cases, GTW-derived biodiesel cannot satisfy the ASTM D6751 or EN 14214 standards. , Further investigation must be undertaken to overcome these problems and clarify the effect of process scaleup on the quality and quantity of GTW-derived biodiesel. Therefore, the main objective of this Review is to summarize studies that focus on the following topics in order to give, for the first time, a holistic view of the process feasibility and techno-economic viability concerning GTW as a biofuel option: Lipid extraction processes Biodiesel production techniques Fuel properties of GTW-derived biodiesel Economic feasibility of GTW-derived biodiesel From this state-of-the-art analysis, future implications of biodiesel production from GTW are addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Biodiesel from Recycled Grease Trap Waste: A Review

Tran

Tišma

Budžaki

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, climate changes occurring worldwide have encouraged research into the development of eco-friendly, lowerenvironmental-impact, and more-sustainable energy sources. This may also be a solution to deal with the rapid decrease in, and depletion of, fossil resources. Biodiesel has been considered as a key attribute for effective climate change responses and a potential candidate to substitute for mineral diesel. Even so, the marketability of biodiesel is still very limited, because of the lower price of fossil diesel, as well as the expensive cost of present biodiesel feedstocks. In this regard, the use of wastewater residuals such as scum sludge and grease trap waste (GTW) as a cost-effective feedstock appears to be attractive. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the characteristics of GTW in order to develop an appropriate technique for biodiesel production from this low-quality and low-cost resource. However, most of these studies have only focused on a partial process, including the pretreatment of feedstock, the esterification, and the transesterification processes, without reporting a fully integrated process for biodiesel production from recycled trap grease. Therefore, this study aims to highlight recent achievements in the production of biodiesel from GTW and to consider the potential marketability of this fuel.

show abstract

Biodiesel Production from Recycled Grease Trap Waste: A Case Study in South Australia. Part 2: Optimization of The Transesterification Process

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to investigate the conversion of the pre‐treated oil, which was originally extracted from grease trap waste (GTW), to biodiesel via a transesterification reaction. The pre‐treated oil, which consists of approximately 80% free fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) and 18% of glycerides, was obtained through the esterification of GTW reported in a previous study. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to determine the optimum conditions for the transesterification reaction through four process variables, these being: the molar ratio of ethanol to oil, reaction time, reaction temperature, and base catalyst loading. A set of 30 experiments were conducted in duplicate to study the interactive effects of the above parameters on the ester yield. A maximum ester yield of 96.7% was obtained at the optimum conditions, which were: 4:1 ethanol to oil molar ratio, 1 hr reaction time, 65 °C reaction temperature, and 1 wt% KOH loading per oil weight. In order to reduce the excess ethanol used, a modification was applied to the experimental design of the transesterification reaction, resulting in a 30% reduction in ethanol used, while the same ester yield could be obtained.

show abstract

Characterisation of FOGs in grease trap waste from the processing of chickens in Thailand

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Physicochemical Characterization of Sludge Originating from Vegetable Oil–Based Cutting Fluids

Physicochemical Characterization of Sludge Originating from Vegetable Oil–Based Cutting Fluids

Production of Biodiesel from Recycled Grease Trap Waste: A Review

Biodiesel Production from Recycled Grease Trap Waste: A Case Study in South Australia. Part 2: Optimization of The Transesterification Process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About