Characterisation of hospital isolates of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis by SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins, immunoblotting and restriction-endonuclease analysis

McKenzie, Hamish; Morgan, M. G.; Jordens, J. Zoe; Enright, Mark C.; Bain, M.

doi:10.1099/00222615-37-1-70

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Similarly, 46 French isolates dating from 1970 to 1976 were found to be P-lactamase-negative [51], with the first plactamase-positive French isolate reported in 1977 [52].…”

Section: Resistance To P-lactam Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis - clinical and molecular aspects of a rediscovered pathogen

Enright

McKenzie

1997

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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105

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Since its discovery at the end of the nineteenth century, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis has undergone several changes of nomenclature and periodic changes in its perceived status as either a commensal or a pathogen. Molecular analysis based on DNA hybridisation or 16s rDNA sequence comparisons has established its phylogenetic position as a member of the Moraxellaceae and shown that it is related more closely to Acinetobacter spp. than to the genus Neisseria in which it was placed formerly. However, confusion with phenotypically similar Neisseria spp. can occur in the routine diagnostic laboratory if appropriate identification tests are not performed. M. catarrhalis is now accepted as the third commonest pathogen of the respiratory tract after Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus injluenzae. It is a significant cause of otitis media and sinusitis in children and of lower respiratory tract infections in adults, especially those with underlying chest disease. Nosocomial spread of infection, especially within respiratory wards, has been reported. Invasive infection is uncommon, but analysis of reports for England and Wales between 1992 and 1995 revealed 89 cases of M. catarrhalis bacteraemia, with the peak incidence in children aged 1-2 years. Carriage rates of M. catarrhalis are high in children and in the elderly, but its role as a commensal organism has probably been overstated in the past. Approximately 90% of strains are now plactamase positive and, given that the first such strain was reported in 1976, this represents a dramatic increase in frequency over the last 20 years which has not been paralleled in any other species. The BRO-1 and BRO-2 P-lactamase enzymes of M. catarrhalis are found in other Moraxellaceae, but are not related to P-lactamases of any other species and their origin is therefore unknown. Molecular and typing studies have shown that the M. catarrhalis species is genetically heterogeneous and these methods have aided epidemiological investigation. Studies of factors that may be related to pathogenicity have shown the existence of three serotypes of lipooligosaccharide and the presence of fimbriae and a possible capsule. Some strains are serum-resistant, probably by virtue of interference with complement action, whilst transferrin-and lactoferrinbinding proteins enable the organism to obtain iron from its environment. An antibody response in humans to various M. catarrhalis antigens, including highly conserved outermembrane proteins, has been demonstrated. Increased understanding of the organism's pathogenic properties and the host response to it may help to identify suitable vaccine targets or lead to other strategies to prevent infection. Whilst it remains, at present, the third most important respiratory pathogen, the impact of immunisation strategies for other organisms may change this position. The speed with which M. catarrhalis acquired p-lactamase demonstrates the capacity of this organism to surprise us.

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“…Similarly, 46 French isolates dating from 1970 to 1976 were found to be P-lactamase-negative [51], with the first plactamase-positive French isolate reported in 1977 [52].…”

Section: Resistance To P-lactam Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis - clinical and molecular aspects of a rediscovered pathogen

Enright

McKenzie

1997

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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105

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“…The most widely used method to type strains of B. catarrhalis to date has been restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA (44,45,58,89,118,121,134,135,144). More recently, a more refined form of restriction endonuclease analysis involving pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of large fragments of genomic DNA has been developed (99,102).…”

Section: Genotype-based Typing Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower respiratory tract infection

Sharland¹

2016

OSH Manual of Childhood Infections

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“…It is difficult to state precisely the etiology of exacerbations in individual patients; however, one study estimated that approximately 30% are caused by M. catarrhalis (33). Nosocomial outbreaks of respiratory tract infections caused by M. catarrhalis have been recognized since the mid-1980s (18,20,(26)(27)(28). Many of these outbreaks of infections have occurred in respiratory units where the presence of a susceptible population with underlying lung disease contributed to the clusters.…”

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confidence: 99%

Antigenic Structure of Outer Membrane Protein E of Moraxella catarrhalis and Construction and Characterization of Mutants

et al. 2000

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Outer membrane protein E (OMP E) is a 50-kDa protein of Moraxella catarrhalis which possesses several characteristics indicating that the protein will be an effective vaccine antigen. To study the antigenic structure of OMP E, eight monoclonal antibodies were developed and characterized. Three of the antibodies recognized epitopes which are present on the bacterial surface. Fusion peptides corresponding to overlapping regions of OMP E were constructed, and immunoblot assays were performed to localize the areas of the molecule bound by the monoclonal antibodies. These studies identified a surface-exposed epitope in the region of amino acids 80 through 180. To further study the protein, two mutants which lack OMP E were constructed. In bactericidal assays, the mutants were more readily killed by normal human serum compared to the isogenic parent strains. These results indicate that OMP E is involved in the expression of serum resistance of M. catarrhalis.Moraxella catarrhalis is an important human respiratory tract pathogen (6,8,9,21,22). It is the third most common cause of otitis media, accounting for 15 to 20% of all episodes based on cultures of middle ear fluid obtained by tympanocentesis (13,29). M. catarrhalis also causes lower respiratory tract infections, often called exacerbations, in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (23,25). It is difficult to state precisely the etiology of exacerbations in individual patients; however, one study estimated that approximately 30% are caused by M. catarrhalis (33). Nosocomial outbreaks of respiratory tract infections caused by M. catarrhalis have been recognized since the mid-1980s (18, 20, 26-28). Many of these outbreaks of infections have occurred in respiratory units where the presence of a susceptible population with underlying lung disease contributed to the clusters.In view of the importance of M. catarrhalis as a human pathogen, there is interest in developing a vaccine to prevent these infections. Two populations would benefit most from such a vaccine. Infants would be immunized in an effort to prevent otitis media, with particular emphasis on preventing recurrent otitis media in otitis-prone children. The second population that would benefit from such a vaccine is adults with COPD.Outer membrane protein E (OMP E) is a 50-kDa heatmodifiable outer membrane protein (OMP) which has characteristics that indicate that it may be an effective vaccine antigen (2, 3). The protein is abundantly expressed on the bacterial surface as demonstrated by immunofluorescence assays and flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (3). OMP E is highly conserved among strains of M. catarrhalis (2, 3). These two features of OMP E suggest that inducing an immune response to the protein may result in protection from infection.The present study was undertaken to further characterize the antigenic structure of OMP E. MAbs were developed and characterized. The regions of the OMP E molecule bound by the MAbs were identified, and two mutants which are defective in...

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Characterisation of hospital isolates of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis by SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins, immunoblotting and restriction-endonuclease analysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis - clinical and molecular aspects of a rediscovered pathogen

Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis - clinical and molecular aspects of a rediscovered pathogen

Lower respiratory tract infection

Antigenic Structure of Outer Membrane Protein E of Moraxella catarrhalis and Construction and Characterization of Mutants

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