Characterisation of intestinal bacteria in infant stools using real-time PCR and northern hybridisation analyses

Hopkins, Mark; Macfarlane, G.T.; Furrie, Elizabeth; Fite, Alemu; Macfarlane, Sandra

doi:10.1016/j.femsec.2005.03.001

Cited by 142 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Pre-weaning breastfeeding was still associated with higher proportions of bifidobacteria, while formula feeding was characterized by higher proportions of Bacteroides and C. coccoides in accordance with previous studies (Stark & Lee, 1982;Hopkins et al, 2005). We also observed that during weaning, breastfeeding induced a slower increase of C. leptum and a faster reduction of C. difficile and C. perfringens species compared with formula or mixed feeding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Wang et al (2004) showed that Enterobacteriaceae decreased while clostridia increased after weaning in two Swedish infants. Using real-time PCR and Northern hybridization analyses of 40 infants (0-24 months old), Hopkins et al (2005) reported that Bacteroides and Desulfovibrio numbers increased and Enterococcus faecalis decreased in the 7-12 and 13-24 months age groups, and the C. coccoides group and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii subgroup increased after 6 months. Doré et al (1998) reported that after weaning was complete, the Bacteroides-Porphyromonas-Prevotella group rapidly increased to comprise 30 % of 16S rRNA, while Bifidobacterium rRNA was undetectable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of the human infant intestinal microbiota after the introduction of first complementary foods in infant samples from five European centres

Fallani¹,

et al. 2011

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Although it is well established that early infant feeding has a major influence on the establishment of the gut microbiota, very little is understood about how the introduction of first solid food influences the colonization process. This study aimed to determine the impact of weaning on the faecal microbiota composition of infants from five European countries (Sweden, Scotland, Germany, Italy and Spain) which have different lifestyle characteristics and infant feeding practices. Faecal samples were collected from 605 infants approximately 4 weeks after the introduction of first solid foods and the results were compared with the same infants before weaning (6 weeks of age) to investigate the association with determining factors such as geographical origin, mode of delivery, previous feeding method and age of weaning. Samples were analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry using a panel of 10 rRNA targeted group- and species-specific oligonucleotide probes. The genus Bifidobacterium (36.5 % average proportion of total detectable bacteria), Clostridium coccoides group (14 %) and Bacteroides (13.6 %) were predominant after weaning. Similar to pre-weaning, northern European countries were associated with a higher proportion of bifidobacteria in the infant gut microbiota while higher levels of Bacteroides and lactobacilli characterized southern European countries. As before weaning, the initial feeding method influenced the Clostridium leptum group and Clostridium difficile+Clostridium perfringens species, and bifidobacteria still dominated the faeces of initially breast-fed infants. Formula-fed babies presented significantly higher proportions of Bacteroides and the C. coccoides group. The mode of birth influenced changes in the proportions of bacteroides and atopobium. Although there were significant differences in the mean weaning age between countries, this was not related to the populations of bifidobacteria or bacteroides. Thus, although the faecal microbiota of infants after first complementary foods was different to that before weaning commenced, many of the initial influences on microbiota composition were still evident

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of the human infant intestinal microbiota after the introduction of first complementary foods in infant samples from five European centres

Fallani¹,

et al. 2011

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“…Duncan et al (2002) detected five strains of Roseburia intestinalis in infant faeces, while Barcenilla et al (2000) detected Roseburia cecicola in the faeces of a pre-term infant. Moreover, Hopkins et al (2005) observed that a group of 7-12-month-old infants (n56) had significantly higher levels of the Erec482 population compared with a group of 0-6-month-old infants (n59). They also observed a difference in breast-fed infants compared with formulafed infants (all 0-6 months old) (Erec482 represented 5 and 11.2 %, respectively, of total RNA detected by Northern hybridization).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Longitudinal investigation of the faecal microbiota of healthy full-term infants using fluorescence in situ hybridization and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

2010

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From birth onwards, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of infants progressively acquires a complex range of micro-organisms. It is thought that by 2 years of age the GI microbial population has stabilized. Within the developmental period of the infant GI microbiota, weaning is considered to be most critical, as the infant switches from a milk-based diet (breast and/or formula) to a variety of food components. Longitudinal analysis of the biological succession of the infant GI/faecal microbiota is lacking. In this study, faecal samples were obtained regularly from 14 infants from 1 month to 18 months of age. Seven of the infants (including a set of twins) were exclusively breast-fed and seven were exclusively formula-fed prior to weaning, with 175 and 154 faecal samples, respectively, obtained from each group. Diversity and dynamics of the infant faecal microbiota were analysed by using fluorescence in situ hybridization and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Overall, the data demonstrated large inter-and intra-individual differences in the faecal microbiological profiles during the study period. However, the infant faecal microbiota merged with time towards a climax community within and between feeding groups. Data from the twins showed the highest degree of similarity both quantitatively and qualitatively. Inter-individual variation was evident within the infant faecal microbiota and its development, even within exclusively formula-fed infants receiving the same diet. These data can be of help to future clinical trials (e.g. targeted weaning products) to organize protocols and obtain a more accurate outline of the changes and dynamics of the infant GI microbiota.

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“…The numbers of total bacteria and butyryl-coenzyme A (butyryl-CoA):acetate-CoA transferase genes were quantified in 3 samples per pen (18 samples per treatment). To determine the number of total bacteria, primers Uni 331F (5=-TCCTACGGGAGGC AGCAGT-3=) and Uni 797R (5=-GGACTAACCAGGGTATCTAATCCT GTT-3=) were used (30). Amplification and detection were performed using the CFX384 Bio-Rad detection system (Bio-Rad, Nazareth-Eke, Belgium).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Xylo-Oligosaccharides on Broiler Chicken Performance and Microbiota

Maesschalck

Eeckhaut

Maertens³

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

195

153

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hIn broiler chickens, feed additives, including prebiotics, are widely used to improve gut health and to stimulate performance. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans that can be fermented by the gut microbiota. In the current study, we aimed to analyze the prebiotic properties of XOS when added to the broiler diet. Administration of XOS to chickens, in addition to a wheat-rye-based diet, significantly improved the feed conversion ratio. XOS significantly increased villus length in the ileum. It also significantly increased numbers of lactobacilli in the colon and Clostridium cluster XIVa in the ceca. Moreover, the number of gene copies encoding the key bacterial enzyme for butyrate production, butyryl-coenzyme A (butyryl-CoA):acetate CoA transferase, was significantly increased in the ceca of chickens administered XOS. In this group of chickens, at the species level, Lactobacillus crispatus and Anaerostipes butyraticus were significantly increased in abundance in the colon and cecum, respectively. In vitro fermentation of XOS revealed cross-feeding between L. crispatus and A. butyraticus. Lactate, produced by L. crispatus during XOS fermentation, was utilized by the butyrate-producing Anaerostipes species. These data show the beneficial effects of XOS on broiler performance when added to the feed, which potentially can be explained by stimulation of butyrate-producing bacteria through cross-feeding of lactate and subsequent effects of butyrate on gastrointestinal function. Cereal fibers are composed of carbohydrate polymers that are resistant to digestion in the small intestines of monogastric animals but are completely or partially fermented in the distal gut, and they are believed to stimulate gut health (1). The main components of the cereal fiber fraction are arabinoxylans (AX), pectins, resistant starch, cellulose, ␤-glucans, and lignin (2). Hydrolytic degradation of the heteropolymer AX results in a mixture of arabinose-substituted xylo-oligosaccharides (arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides) (AXOS) and nonsubstituted xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) (3). XOS are oligomers consisting of xylose units linked through ␤-(1-4) linkages (4). Selective fermentation of XOS has been shown to induce changes in both the composition and activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, improving the health and well-being of the host. This suggests that XOS could fulfill the definition of a prebiotic (5). The production of lactate and shortchain fatty acids (SCFA), including butyrate, upon fermentation of XOS, has been confirmed in several in vitro and in vivo studies (3, 6). Lactate can stimulate butyrate production due to crossfeeding between lactate-producing bacteria and lactate-utilizing butyrate-producing bacteria from Clostridium cluster XIVa (7). Butyrate has proven beneficial effects on gastrointestinal function, since it has anti-inflammatory properties, fuels epithelial cells, and increases the intestinal epithelial integrity. In addition, butyrate has been shown to improve growth pe...

show abstract

Characterisation of intestinal bacteria in infant stools using real-time PCR and northern hybridisation analyses

Cited by 142 publications

References 41 publications

Determinants of the human infant intestinal microbiota after the introduction of first complementary foods in infant samples from five European centres

Determinants of the human infant intestinal microbiota after the introduction of first complementary foods in infant samples from five European centres

Longitudinal investigation of the faecal microbiota of healthy full-term infants using fluorescence in situ hybridization and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

Effects of Xylo-Oligosaccharides on Broiler Chicken Performance and Microbiota

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