In the societal pursuit of a carbon-neutral
energy future, energy
storage and conversion technologies can play a decisive role in better
utilizing sustainable energy sources such as wind and solar, in which
functional materials that can promote overall energy efficiency hold
the key. Perovskite oxides have attracted considerable attention as
cost-effective, nonprecious metal-based candidates for this purpose
due to their flexible chemistries and tunable physicochemical properties.
Of all the perovskite compositions, the barium strontium cobalt iron
oxide with a specific chemical formula of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (BSCF)
has received considerable and growing interest over the last two decades
in a variety of energy applications. In this review, we provide a
comprehensive overview of the achievements made on BSCF for various
energy storage and conversion applications. Importantly, we offer
a fundamental understanding of the roles of BSCF in these applications
and of the optimization approaches available to obtain improved functionalities,
which can have an enormous impact on the search and development of
materials based on BSCF and new materials beyond.