Characterisation of liposomes containing aminolevulinic acid and derived esters

Nanodrug applications in photodynamic therapy

“…Likewise, inclusion of ALA esters, especially, of ALA hexyl esters, seemed to result in higher stability upon dilution with cell culture medium [132]. Other studies using liposomes were published on coproporphyrin I and (coproporphyrinato I)zinc(II) [118,133].…”

Liposomal photosensitizers: potential platforms for anticancer photodynamic therapy

“…and entrapment methods in order to improve PS-loaded liposomes. In general, the methods frequently employed to encapsulate PSs are rehydration of a thin lipid film (classic Bangham technique), ethanol injection and freeze/thawing (10)(11)(12). It should also be taken into account that the chosen method -sometimes involving mechanical energy, chemical reactions or temperature variation steps -should neither affect PS properties nor reduce its activity.…”

“…The stability of the liposomes should also be evaluated since the association of PS with liposomes has been shown to alter the thermal phase behavior of the latter (10,13). This parameter is intrinsically dependent on the phospholipidspecific phase transition temperature at which the molecules are reorganized from a rigid bilayer to a fluid bilayer.…”

Current Evidence and Applications of Photodynamic Therapy in Dermatology

“…ALA is unstable as an aqueous formulation because it has low lipid solubility, limiting its ability to penetrate through skin or cell membranes and thus restricting its use in PDT to superficial disease. 23 One study demonstrated that ALA was able to penetrate up to 2 mm deep in nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC). 17 Novel preparations of ALA, particularly the nanoscale vesicle formulation, have been shown to chemically stabilize the drug and increase liposomal penetration.…”