Characterisation of Listeria ivanovii isolates from the UK using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

Ramage, C.; Low, JC; McLauchlin, James; Donachie, W.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13394.x

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Overall, our data indicate that (i) the genus Listeria includes at least six phylo- In addition to L. monocytogenes lineages I and II, which have been well documented in a large number of studies (11,45,48,51,54), our data also allowed further insights into the taxonomy and evolution of L. monocytogenes strains that have previously been classified as either lineage III (including IIIA, B, and C) (30,53,54) or lineages III and IV (72). Strains classified into these lineages (i) are, overall, rare and appear to be associated with animal hosts, even though they are also isolated from humans (23,30,55); (ii) represent serotypes 4a and 4c as well as 4b (even though these strains are distinct from the more common lineage I 4b strains [44,55]); (iii) are genetically diverse; and (iv) show evidence for more common recombination compared to lineage I and II strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Limited genetic variation, based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, in L. ivanovii subsp. ivanovii was previously reported based on 38 isolates from various sources and geographic localities from the United Kingdom (53). As L. ivanovii is characterized by an apparent stringent host specificity for ruminants, where it predominantly causes abortions, its genetically homogeneous population structure seems to point toward L. ivanovii as being a highly specialized, clonal pathogen, comparable in population structure to known obligate pathogens like Yersinia pestis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Population Genetics-Based and Phylogenetic Approach to Understanding the Evolution of Virulence in the Genus Listeria

Bakker

Bundrant

Fortes

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The genus Listeria includes (i) the opportunistic pathogens L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii, (ii) the saprotrophs L. innocua, L. marthii, and L. welshimeri, and (iii) L. seeligeri, an apparent saprotroph that nevertheless typically contains the prfA virulence gene cluster. A novel 10-loci multilocus sequence typing scheme was developed and used to characterize 67 isolates representing six Listeria spp. (excluding L. grayi) in order to (i) provide an improved understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of the genus Listeria and (ii) use Listeria as a model to study the evolution of pathogenicity in opportunistic environmental pathogens. Phylogenetic analyses identified six well-supported Listeria species that group into two main subdivisions, with each subdivision containing strains with and without the prfA virulence gene cluster. Stochastic character mapping and phylogenetic analysis of hly, a gene in the prfA cluster, suggest that the common ancestor of the genus Listeria contained the prfA virulence gene cluster and that this cluster was lost at least five times during the evolution of Listeria, yielding multiple distinct saprotrophic clades. L. welshimeri, which appears to represent the most ancient clade that arose from an ancestor with a prfA cluster deletion, shows a considerably lower average sequence divergence than other Listeria species, suggesting a population bottleneck and a putatively different ecology than other saprotrophic Listeria species. Overall, our data suggest that, for some pathogens, loss of virulence genes may represent a selective advantage, possibly by facilitating adaptation to a specific ecological niche.Population genetics-based and phylogenetic studies have greatly contributed to the understanding of the evolutionary history and ecology of bacterial pathogens. In particular, multilocus sequence analyses (MLSA) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based population genetics research have revealed the microevolutionary patterns of species complexes like the Bacillus cereus complex (12) or the microevolution of well-known pathogens like Yersinia pestis (2), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (57), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (18). One of the common findings of these studies is that obligate pathogens generally have a genetically clonal population structure as inferred by MLSA (1), while the population structure of free-living facultative pathogenic bacteria is characterized by relatively high genetic variability (12, 70). It has been hypothesized that these differences in population structure are related to the fact that some obligate pathogens represent epidemic clones (38), i.e., clonal lineages whose members have an epidemiological advantage compared to other lineages and are therefore able to quickly spread within the population. Because this dispersal of the members of an epidemic clone occurs rapidly, there is not enough time to accumulate mutations.In this paper we present a phylogenetic and population genetics study of the genus Listeria. This genus consists of six cl...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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confidence: 99%

A Population Genetics-Based and Phylogenetic Approach to Understanding the Evolution of Virulence in the Genus Listeria

Bakker

Bundrant

Fortes

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…PFGE conditions were modified from those used by Ramage et al (12). Cultured P. multocida cells were washed six times in Pett IV buffer (1 M NaCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl [pH 7.5]) and suspended in a final concentration of 10 8 CFU/ml in 1% low-melting-point agarose.…”

Section: Pdns Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typing of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Pigs with and without Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome

et al. 2002

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Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) is a sporadic, usually fatal disease of growing and finishing pigs that has been recognized in many pig-producing countries. Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from 15 pigs with PDNS and 51 pigs without PDNS were characterized by capsule and somatic antigen typing, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAP-D) typing, and restriction analysis of genomic DNA using pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE). While capsular, somatic, and RAP-D typing did not discriminate PDNS isolates from non-PDNS isolates, all of the isolates from PDNS cases showed an identical ApaI PFGE restriction pattern. This pattern was also found in a high proportion (36%) of P. multocida strains isolated from non-PDNS cases. Isolation of a single variant of P. multocida from tissues of pigs with PDNS warrants further investigation into the possible role of these bacteria in the etiology of the disease.Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) is a disease of unknown etiology that has been recognized in many pig-producing countries. The disease most commonly affects pigs between 2 and 7 months of age, and cases can occur sporadically or as an outbreak within herds. There is a high mortality rate (approximately 80%) in clinically affected pigs. The pathological changes are consistent with an immune complex disorder resulting in severe glomerulonephritis. Vasculitis occurs in the kidneys, skin, and other tissues with deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in the areas of lesion development (1, 8, 14, 15). A number of potential causes have been suggested, including viral or bacterial infections and dietary factors (8, 13). However, no definitive link has yet been established with any specific factors. In a study on bacterial isolations from PDNS-affected pigs, Pasteurella multocida was isolated from one or more tissue sites in 16 out of 20 cases, and P. multocida-specific antigen was demonstrated in affected kidney tissue from 17 of these cases (16). Other potential bacterial pathogens were isolated from some of the PDNS cases, but their isolation rates were much lower and there was little consistency between cases, compared with results for P. multocida (16). Since these studies suggested a strong association with P. multocida, a strain typing study was undertaken with representative P. multocida isolates arising from these cases. The aim was first to compare the strain types between PDNS cases and second to compare the PDNS strain types with those isolated from a cohort of non-PDNS cases. This paper reports on the comparative strain typing studies. An abstract summarizing the results of this study has been published previously (J. R. Thomson, F. A. Lainson, N. Thomson, and W. Donachie, Proc. 15th Int. Pig Vet. Soc. Congr., vol. 3, p. 396, 1998). MATERIALS AND METHODS PDNS cases.Cases for this study were selected on the basis of their typical clinical histories and pathological lesions, the freshness of their carcasses, and because they each came from a different farm. The diagnostic...

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“…L. ivanovii (formerly known as L. monocytogenes serotype 5) was first isolated in Bulgaria in 1955 from lambs with congenital listeriosis (299). Human cases of L. ivanovii infection are rare (116), the vast majority of reported isolations of this species being from abortions, stillbirths, and neonatal septicemias in sheep and cattle (4,90,134,529,610,693). A third species, L. seeligeri, is considered nonpathogenic (555), although it has been implicated in at least one case of human listeriosis (556).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ListeriaPathogenesis and Molecular Virulence Determinants

et al. 2001

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The gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis, a highly fatal opportunistic foodborne infection. Pregnant women, neonates, the elderly, and debilitated or immunocompromised patients in general are predominantly affected, although the disease can also develop in normal individuals. Clinical manifestations of invasive listeriosis are usually severe and include abortion, sepsis, and meningoencephalitis. Listeriosis can also manifest as a febrile gastroenteritis syndrome. In addition to humans, L. monocytogenes affects many vertebrate species, including birds. Listeria ivanovii, a second pathogenic species of the genus, is specific for ruminants. Our current view of the pathophysiology of listeriosis derives largely from studies with the mouse infection model. Pathogenic listeriae enter the host primarily through the intestine. The liver is thought to be their first target organ after intestinal translocation. In the liver, listeriae actively multiply until the infection is controlled by a cell-mediated immune response. This initial, subclinical step of listeriosis is thought to be common due to the frequent presence of pathogenic L. monocytogenes in food. In normal indivuals, the continual exposure to listerial antigens probably contributes to the maintenance of anti-Listeria memory T cells. However, in debilitated and immunocompromised patients, the unrestricted proliferation of listeriae in the liver may result in prolonged low-level bacteremia, leading to invasion of the preferred secondary target organs (the brain and the gravid uterus) and to overt clinical disease. L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii are facultative intracellular parasites able to survive in macrophages and to invade a variety of normally nonphagocytic cells, such as epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and endothelial cells. In all these cell types, pathogenic listeriae go through an intracellular life cycle involving early escape from the phagocytic vacuole, rapid intracytoplasmic multiplication, bacterially induced actin-based motility, and direct spread to neighboring cells, in which they reinitiate the cycle. In this way, listeriae disseminate in host tissues sheltered from the humoral arm of the immune system. Over the last 15 years, a number of virulence factors involved in key steps of this intracellular life cycle have been identified. This review describes in detail the molecular determinants of Listeria virulence and their mechanism of action and summarizes the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of listeriosis and the cell biology and host cell responses to Listeria infection. This article provides an updated perspective of the development of our understanding of Listeria pathogenesis from the first molecular genetic analyses of virulence mechanisms reported in 1985 until the start of the genomic era of Listeria research

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Characterisation of Listeria ivanovii isolates from the UK using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

A Population Genetics-Based and Phylogenetic Approach to Understanding the Evolution of Virulence in the Genus Listeria

A Population Genetics-Based and Phylogenetic Approach to Understanding the Evolution of Virulence in the Genus Listeria

Typing of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Pigs with and without Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome

ListeriaPathogenesis and Molecular Virulence Determinants

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