Characterisation of Mineralised Material from the Loki’s Castle Hydrothermal Vent on the Mohn’s Ridge

Snook, Ben; Drivenes, Kristian; Rollinson, Gavyn; Aasly, Kurt

doi:10.3390/min8120576

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each collected sample represents different bulk chemistry and mineralogy. A detailed characterization of SMS rock samples from AMOR is provided by Snook et al [18]. The SMS samples were characterized using ICP-MS, XRD, XRF, optical microscopy, and automated mineralogy.…”

Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 200 kg of loose boulders from the mound flanks were collected via grab sampling. The location and areas of operation are described elsewhere [7,17,18]. In order to prevent oxidation of sulfides, the collected rock samples were bagged, flushed with nitrogen, vacuum sealed, and stored at −21 • C.The polymetallic deep-sea nodules (PN) studied in this research were collected in the license area of Global Sea Mineral Resources (GSR) from Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ) of the Central Pacific Ocean.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Leaching of Seafloor Massive Sulfides and Polymetallic Nodules

et al. 2019

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Simultaneous leaching of seafloor massive sulfides (SMS) from Loki's Castle on the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge (AMOR) and polymetallic nodules (PN) from Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ) of the Central Pacific Ocean was studied. Leaching tests were conducted using sulfuric acid and sodium chloride, at a temperature of 80 • C for 48 h under reflux. The effect of PN-to-SMS ratio was examined. It was shown that simultaneous leaching of two different types of marine resources was possible resulting in high dissolution rates of metals. The proposed process has many advantages as it does not require pyrometallurgical pretreatment, and yields solid products (i.e., silica, barite, elemental sulfur, albite, microcline, muscovite), which might be utilized for various industrial applications.Minerals 2019, 9, 482 2 of 12 of eliminating gas emission, production of potentially recoverable solid residues and generation of acid, which could be recycled to the head of the process. The new approach holds promise for efficient processing of marine mineral resources. Materials and Methods MaterialsThis study utilizes an SMS sample collected from the Loki's Castle active hydrothermal vent field at the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge (AMOR), which occurs on the Mohn's Ridge at a depth of approximately 2400 m [16]. The SMS samples were collected as a part of the MarMine cruise [17]. More than 200 kg of loose boulders from the mound flanks were collected via grab sampling. The location and areas of operation are described elsewhere [7,17,18]. In order to prevent oxidation of sulfides, the collected rock samples were bagged, flushed with nitrogen, vacuum sealed, and stored at −21 • C.The polymetallic deep-sea nodules (PN) studied in this research were collected in the license area of Global Sea Mineral Resources (GSR) from Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ) of the Central Pacific Ocean. The samples were stored in plastic bags.Mili-Q water ® and analytically grade H 2 SO 4 and NaCl were used in the experiments. Methods

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Leaching of Seafloor Massive Sulfides and Polymetallic Nodules

et al. 2019

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“…All rock samples collected from the Loki's Castle hydrothermal venting site are non‐in‐situ grab‐samples. A total of 25 samples were measured for their petrophysical properties and represented mudstone, hydrothermally altered basalt, and highly heterogeneous loose probable‐chimney fragments from the mound flanks (Snook et al, ).…”

Section: Data Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Activity at the Ultraslow‐Spreading Mohns Ridge: New Insights From Near‐Seafloor Magnetics

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Brönner

Johansen

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Hydrothermal circulation is a process fundamental to all types of mid-ocean ridges that largely impacts the chemical and physical balance of the World Ocean. However, diversity of geological settings hosting hydrothermal fields complicates the exploration and requires thorough investigation of each individual case study before effective criteria can be established. Analysis of high-resolution bathymetric and magnetic data, coupled with video and rock samples material, furthers our knowledge about mid-ocean-ridge-hosted venting sites and aid in the interpretation of the interplay between magmatic and tectonic processes along the axial volcanic ridges. The rock-magnetic data provide constraints on the interpretation of the observed contrasts in crustal magnetization. We map the areal extent of the previously discovered active basalt-hosted Loki's Castle and inactive sediment-hosted Mohn's Treasure massive sulfide deposits and infer their subsurface extent. Remarkably, extinct hydrothermal sites have enhanced magnetizations and display clear magnetic signatures allowing their confident identification and delineation. Identified magnetic signatures exert two new fossil hydrothermal deposits, MT-2 and MT-3. The Loki's Castle site coincides with negative magnetic anomaly observed in the 2-D magnetic profile data crossing the deposit. First geophysical investigations in this area reveal the complexity of the geological setting and the variation of the physical properties in the subsurface.

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“…Upon recovery on deck, the samples were vacuum-packed in double nitrogen-flushed plastic and stored in a freezer at −21 • C to mitigate the oxidation of the sulphides. These samples have previously been investigated and were found to contain a diverse mineralogy with highly heterogeneous macro-and micro-textures; the sulphides consist of isocubanite and chalcopyrite intergrowths and sphalerite and abundant pyrite/marcasite, with amorphous silica and barite as gangue [31]. Detailed geochemistry (from ICP-ES/MS) and mineralogy (from XRD) (after [31]) are provided in Appendices A and B, respectively.…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obtaining Hyperspectral Signatures for Seafloor Massive Sulphide Exploration

2019

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Seafloor massive sulphide (SMS) deposits are hosts to a wide range of economic minerals, and may become an important resource in the future. The exploitation of these resources is associated with considerable expenses, and a return on investment may depend on the availability of multiple deposits. Therefore, efficient exploration methodologies for base metal deposits are important for future deep sea mining endeavours. Underwater hyperspectral imaging (UHI) has been demonstrated to be able to differentiate between different types of materials on the seafloor. The identification of possible end-members from field data requires prior information in the form of representative signatures for distinct materials. This work presents hyperspectral imaging applied to a selection of materials from the Loki’s Castle active hydrothermal vent site in a laboratory setting. A methodology for compensating for systematic effects and producing the reflectance spectra is detailed, and applied to recover the spectral signatures from the samples. The materials investigated were found to be distinguishable using unsupervised dimensionality reduction methods, and may be used as a reference for future field application.

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Characterisation of Mineralised Material from the Loki’s Castle Hydrothermal Vent on the Mohn’s Ridge

Cited by 15 publications

References 47 publications

Simultaneous Leaching of Seafloor Massive Sulfides and Polymetallic Nodules

Simultaneous Leaching of Seafloor Massive Sulfides and Polymetallic Nodules

Hydrothermal Activity at the Ultraslow‐Spreading Mohns Ridge: New Insights From Near‐Seafloor Magnetics

Obtaining Hyperspectral Signatures for Seafloor Massive Sulphide Exploration

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