Characterisation of morbilliviruses isolated from Lake Baikal seals (Phoca sibirica)

Mamaev, L.V.; Деникина, Н. Н.; Беликов, С. И.; Volchkov, Viktor E.; Visser, Ilona; Fleming, M.; Cui, Kai; Harder, Timm C.; Ließ, B.; Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E.; Barrett, Thomas

doi:10.1016/0378-1135(95)00018-6

Cited by 73 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although we found no evidence of exposure to PDV on Bering Island, Russia, morbillivirus exposure has been documented in Russia. Canine distemper virus caused a mass die-off of Baikal seals (Phoca sibirica) in Lake Baikal, Siberia, Russia, in 1988 and in Caspian seals (Phoca caspica) in the Caspian Sea, Russia, in 2000 (Mamaev et al, 1995;Kennedy et al, 2000), but phocine distemper has not been documented in marine mammals in the Russian Far East.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Clinical Pathology and Pathogen Exposure in Sea Otters (Enhydra Lutris) Bordering the Threatened Population in Alaska

Goldstein

Gill

Tuomi

et al. 2011

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Clinical Pathology and Pathogen Exposure in Sea Otters (Enhydra Lutris) Bordering the Threatened Population in Alaska

Goldstein

Gill

Tuomi

et al. 2011

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Based on sequence data in GenBank or EMBL databases, we searched for the EcoRV site in various recent isolates, 1493/Han89 (X84999), 5804/ Han90 (X85000), Mink/DK86 (Z47759), Dog/GR88 (Z47760), Dog/DK91, B+C (Z47761), Dog/US89 (Z47762), Leopard/US91 (Z47763), Javelina/US89 (Z47764), Raccoon/US89 (Z47765), 404 (Z77671), 2544 (Z77672) and 4513 (Z77673) [4,9,10,15]. None of them has the EcoRV site analyzed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Identification of a Recent Type of Canine Distemper Virus in Japan by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism.

Ohashi

Iwatsuki

Nakamura

et al. 1998

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to differentiate recent field viruses of canine distemper virus (CDV) from vaccine strains. Virus genomes were amplified by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in part of the haemagglutinin gene. After digestion with EcoRV, the PCR products of recent field isolates were cut into two fragments that differ from the uncut form of old strains including all of vaccine strains. This method could be applied to fresh or stored brains, spleens and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of infected dogs. This molecular approach is useful for determining the causative agent of postvaccinated CDV infection. -KEY WORDS: canine distemper, haemagglutinin, RFLP, RT-PCR, vaccine.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 60(11): 1209-1212, 1998 in 1977), DKC6 (Tokyo, 1984), Hamamatsu (Shizuoka, 1993), Yanaka (Tokyo, 1994), Adachi (Tokyo, 1995) [7, 18], Jujo (Tokyo, 1996) and Hamanako (Shizuoka, 1997) strains. The latter two strains were newly isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The laboratory strains and the MD77 and DKC6 strains were propagated in Vero cells, while the other field isolates were propagated in B95a cells. Experimentally and naturally CDV-infected Dogs:Two specific-pathogen-free beagle puppies were experimentally infected with the Yanaka strain intracerebrally or intranasaly and intravenously, and then euthanized at seven days post inoculation (dpi). Five dogs were diagnosed as CDVinfected by veterinary clinicians. One of them (Dog No. c94037) died from the infection and the other four (c94071, c97006, c97007 and c97023) were euthanized at the moribund stage. Fifty to 100 mg of brains and spleens or PBMCs from these experimentally or naturally infected dogs were used for RNA extraction. PBMCs were separated from heparinized whole blood on Ficoll-paque (Pharmacia LKB, Biotechnology AB, Uppsala, Sweden) [12]. In addition to extracting RNAs from PBMCs, we attempted isolation of CDV as described previously [13]. All of the naturally infected dogs were diagnosed as having CD by clinical signs and histopathological studies.RT-PCR and RFLP analysis: Total RNA was extracted from the virus-infected cells, tissues or PBMCs using ISOGEN (Nippongene, Tokyo, Japan) according to the manufacturer's instructions. RT-PCR was performed using BcaBEST TM RNA PCR Kit (TaKaRa, Siga, Japan). Random 9 mer was used for the RT reaction and two primer sets, CDVH17 and CDVH16, and CDVH15 and CDVHd6 [12], were used for PCR. One µg of total RNA was subjected to the RT reaction according to the manufacturer's instructions, and then to denaturation and extension at 94°C for 1 min, 55°C for 2 min, and 72°C for 2 min for 30 cycles for infected culture cells or for 50 cycles for tissues and PBMCs,

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“…The H gene protein is responsible for viral attachment to the cell host (38) and may also play a role in induction of protective immunity (11). The H protein is one of the most variable morbillivirus proteins and thus has often been used to assess genetic changes between CDV isolates (8,9,17,18,20,21,23,26,28,30).In this study, postmortem findings, immunohistochemical labeling, and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR specific for CDV genomic RNA established a definitive diagnosis of disease caused by CDV infection in four naturally occurring canine cases in Missouri that occurred between June and October 2004. Approximately 4.5 kb of genomic nucleotide sequence was determined for each of these four cases.…”

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confidence: 97%

Phylogenetic Characterization of Canine Distemper Viruses Detected in Naturally Infected Dogs in North America

2005

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In 2004, six puppies and one adult dog from a total of four premises were subjected to necropsy evaluation. For five of the seven dogs, disease caused by canine distemper virus (CDV) infection was suspected based on clinical signs. In all of the dogs, a diagnosis of CDV infection was established by the presence of compatible gross and histologic lesions, immunohistochemical labeling for CDV antigen, and detection of CDV RNA by reverse transcription-PCR. To further characterize the CDV strains detected in the four cases, complete gene sequences were determined for the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) protein genes, while partial gene sequencing was performed for the phosphoprotein gene. A total of 4,508 bases were sequenced for the CDV strains detected from each of the four cases. Two cases were found to have identical sequences except for 2 bases in the intergenic region of the F and H genes. Phylogenetic analysis strongly suggested an evolutionary relationship between sequences detected in these two cases and those of phocine distemper virus 2 and two other strains of CDV not previously detected in the continental United States. Clear phylogenetic relationships were not established for viruses detected in the two additional cases; however, one strain showed similarity to CDV strains detected in a panda from China. Importantly, the three CDV strains detected were demonstrated to be genetically distinct from known vaccine strains and strains previously reported in the continental United States.Canine distemper virus (CDV) is the etiological agent of one the most important viral diseases of wild and domestic Canidae (dog, dingo, fox, coyote, jackal, and wolf) (2). It occurs worldwide and produces high morbidity and mortality in immunologically naïve populations (22,29). This virus also infects a broad range of other animals, such as Mustelidae (ferrets, minks, skunks, weasels, and badgers), Procyonidae (raccoons and pandas), Ursidae (bears), Viverridae (civets, genets, and linsangs), hyaenidae (hyenas), and Felidae (lions and tigers) (2,3,4,10,12,16,36). Canine distemper virus is classified in the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae and has an unsegmented, negative-sense, single-stranded, ϳ15.7-kb RNA genome and an enveloped virus particle that is 150 to 300 nm in diameter (29). The pathogenesis of CDV infection in dogs has been well characterized (2,22,29,35). The genome of CDV encodes the following virion proteins: matrix (M), fusion (F), hemagglutinin (H), nucleocapsid (N), polymerase (L), and phosphoprotein (P). The H gene protein is responsible for viral attachment to the cell host (38) and may also play a role in induction of protective immunity (11). The H protein is one of the most variable morbillivirus proteins and thus has often been used to assess genetic changes between CDV isolates (8,9,17,18,20,21,23,26,28,30).In this study, postmortem findings, immunohistochemical labeling, and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR specific for CDV genomic RNA established a definitive diagnosis of diseas...

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Characterisation of morbilliviruses isolated from Lake Baikal seals (Phoca sibirica)

Cited by 73 publications

References 28 publications

Assessment of Clinical Pathology and Pathogen Exposure in Sea Otters (Enhydra Lutris) Bordering the Threatened Population in Alaska

Assessment of Clinical Pathology and Pathogen Exposure in Sea Otters (Enhydra Lutris) Bordering the Threatened Population in Alaska

Molecular Identification of a Recent Type of Canine Distemper Virus in Japan by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism.

Phylogenetic Characterization of Canine Distemper Viruses Detected in Naturally Infected Dogs in North America

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