Characterisation of Particulates with Different Blends of Ethanol-Gasoline in Two Wheelers

Muralidharan, M. R.; Subramanian, Muthiah; Kanal, P. C.; Malhotra, Ravinder

doi:10.4271/2009-01-0686

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…When the engine is working at the same load, a significant reduction of the PN distribution of the particles can be observed for the ethanol blends equated to gasoline (HE0). The results here are consistent with the PN distribution results reported in previous publications [43][44][45][46][47][48][49]62]. There are many causes leading to a decrease of the PN in the ethanol blends; compared with gasoline fuel, hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol have no aromatic content, a higher laminar flame propagation speed, and a higher percentage of oxygen content.…”

Section: Pm Emission Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Price et al [43] reported that anhydrous ethanol blends E85 and E30 showed the lowest PM emissions, followed by methanol blends M85 and M30 for lean fuel-air mixtures. Another investigation issued by Chen et al [44] detected a reduction of PM emissions when running E10 over gasoline under cold conditions by a coolant temperature of 20 • C. Muralidharan et al [45] noticed that the addition of anhydrous ethanol in gasoline had decreased the particle number in both steady speed and transient conditions. Catapano et al [46] found that the distribution of particle size is strongly affected by fuel composition and operating conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A number of researchers [43][44][45][46][47][48][49] have made a significant reduction in engine-out PM emissions from gasoline engines by using anhydrous ethanol. Price et al [43] reported that anhydrous ethanol blends E85 and E30 showed the lowest PM emissions, followed by methanol blends M85 and M30 for lean fuel-air mixtures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission of Hydrous Ethanol Gasoline Blends Fuel in a Port Injection Gasoline Engine

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The industrialization that increases day by day needs more and more power/fuel sources that are commonly available, abundant, renewable, and environmentally friendly. Recently, nearly all of the cities in China (PRC) have been influenced by haze. However, the pollutants from automobiles have always been seriously considered to be the main contamination causes of the haze and that influence human health. This study concerns the impact of hydrous ethanol on in-cylinder pressure, particulate matter (PM), and gaseous emissions (oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC)) from a port fuel injection (PFI) gasoline engine. Tests were conducted on a four-cylinder port injection gasoline engine at different engine loads at an engine speed of 2000 rev/min for commercial gasoline, hydrous ethanol-gasoline blends (10% and 20% hydrous ethanol by volume), and an anhydrous ethanol-gasoline blend (20% anhydrous ethanol by volume). The results show that the peak in-cylinder pressure with the use of gasoline was the highest compared with the hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol blends. Compared with the anhydrous ethanol blend, the hydrous ethanol blends performed well at a high load condition, equivalent to a low load. In addition, the total particulate number (PN) declines with an increase in engine operating loads for all of the fuels tested. The outcome of this study is an important reduction in PM number, mass emissions, and mean diameters of particles as the use of hydrous ethanol blends increases, while the form of the particulate size distribution remains the same. Furthermore, the NO x emission is raised with a rise in engine load, and NO x and HC emissions are reduced with the use of hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol blend as equated with pure gasoline. Moreover, the correlation between the total particle number against NO x and HC has been found; the number of particles increases when the NO x emission decreases, and the opposite trend is exhibited for the HC emission. Therefore, it can be concluded that hydrous ethanol blends look to be a good selection for PM, NO x , and HC reduction for gasoline engines.

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Section: Pm Emission Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission of Hydrous Ethanol Gasoline Blends Fuel in a Port Injection Gasoline Engine

et al. 2017

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“…The results show little effects of nano-particle emissions when ethanol was added. Muralidharan et al [19] studied the characterization of particulates with different blends of ethanol-gasoline in scooters. The average PN concentration did not show any particular trend as the percentage of ethanol in gasoline was increased from 5 to 30 percent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts of Mid-level Biofuel Content in Gasoline on SIDI Engine-out and Tailpipe Particulate Matter Emissions

Ireland

Zigler

et al. 2010

SAE Technical Paper Series

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In this work, the influences of ethanol and iso-butanol blended with gasoline on engine-out and post three-way catalyst (TWC) particle size distribution and number concentration were studied using a General Motors (GM) 2.0L turbocharged spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engine. The engine was operated using the production engine control unit (ECU) with a dynamometer controlling the engine speed and the accelerator pedal position controlling the engine load. A TSI Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS) spectrometer was used to measure the particle size distribution in the range from 5.6 to 560 nm with a sampling rate of 1 Hz. U.S. federal certification gasoline (E0), two ethanol-blended fuels (E10 and E20), and 11.7% iso-butanol blended fuel (BU12) were tested. Measurements were conducted at 10 selected steady-state engine operation conditions. Bi-modal particle size distributions were observed for all operating conditions with peak values at particle sizes of 10 nm and 70 nm. Idle and low-speed / low-load conditions emitted higher total particle numbers than other operating conditions. At idle, the engine-out particulate matter (PM) emissions were dominated by nucleation mode particles, and the production TWC reduced these nucleation mode particles by more than 50%, while leaving the accumulation mode particle distribution unchanged. At an engine load higher than 6 bar net mean effective pressure (NMEP), accumulation mode particles dominated the engine-out particle emissions, and the TWC had little effect. Compared to the baseline gasoline (E0), E10 does not significantly change PM emissions, while E20 and BU12 both reduce PM emissions under the conditions studied. Iso-butanol was observed to impact PM emissions more than ethanol, with up to 50% reductions at some conditions. In this paper, issues related to PM measurement using the FMPS are also discussed. While some uncertainties are due to engine variation, the FMPS must be carefully maintained in order to achieve repeatable measurement results. 15. SUBJECT TERMS gasoline; ethanol blended; biofuel; iso-butanol; particle size distribution; emissions 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT UL 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT

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Field Evaluation on the Performance Characteristics of 10% Ethanol Gasoline blends in Four Stroke Engine Powered Two Wheelers

Muralidharan

Kalita

Sithananthan

et al. 2013

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Characterisation of Particulates with Different Blends of Ethanol-Gasoline in Two Wheelers

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission of Hydrous Ethanol Gasoline Blends Fuel in a Port Injection Gasoline Engine

Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission of Hydrous Ethanol Gasoline Blends Fuel in a Port Injection Gasoline Engine

The Impacts of Mid-level Biofuel Content in Gasoline on SIDI Engine-out and Tailpipe Particulate Matter Emissions

Field Evaluation on the Performance Characteristics of 10% Ethanol Gasoline blends in Four Stroke Engine Powered Two Wheelers

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