Seasonal fluctuation of the population ofBacillusspp. in the coastal soils of Digha, West Bengal, India, was determined and it has been found that, during summer, monsoon, and winter season, theBacilluspopulation density varied in the range of 0.01–0.236 × 106, 0.11–0.202 × 106, and 0.098–0.155 × 106, respectively. Two-way ANOVA, agglomerative hierarchial cluster (AHC) analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to determine the diversity ofBacillusspp. in both spatial and temporal aspects. During summer season, the population ofBacillusspp. reached a comparatively higher density than monsoon or winter. Spatial variation was also exhibited among theBacillusspp. in different coastal villages. A total of 25 strains ofBacillusspp. (DSB1–DSB25) were isolated from the coastal soils of different village areas of Digha, during the study period. The isolates were characterized morphologically, physiologically, and biochemically. Colony morphology of each of the isolates was thoroughly studied. Biochemical tests along with fermentation tests, NaCl, pH, and temperature tolerance tests were done. The antibiotic sensitivity of the isolatedBacillusspp. against different standard antibiotics was also assessed. The study revealed that the coastal soils of Digha area were rich in different strains ofBacillusspp. showing significant differences in the morphophysiological and biochemical properties.