Characterisation of the behaviour of particles in biofilters for pre-treatment of drinking water

Persson, Frank; Långmark, Jonas; Heinicke, Gerald; Hedberg, T.; Tobiason, John E.; Stenström, Thor-Axel; Hermansson, Malte

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2005.07.007

Cited by 36 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…As stated before, column C-1 always contains much more ATP and colloidal material than C-2, which is in agreement with the scientific literature (Servais et al, 1994;Persson et al, 2005). Thus, a minimum of 80% of the ATP and 70% of turbidity is found in column C-1.…”

Section: (I -O) + G = E [2] I = Input Of Total Atp and Turbidity In Ssupporting

confidence: 90%

Study of Seawater Biofiltration by Measuring Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Turbidity

Simon

Rudé

Llorens

et al. 2013

Water Air Soil Pollut

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In the present study, we examined seawater biofiltration in terms of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and turbidity. A pilot biofilter continuously fed with fresh seawater reduced both turbidity and biological activity measured by ATP.Experiments operated with an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of between 2 and 14 min resulted in cellular ATP removals of 32% to 60% and turbidity removals of 38% to 75%. Analysis of the water from backwashing the biofilter revealed that the first half of the biofilter concentrated around 80% of the active biomass and colloidal material that produces turbidity. By reducing the EBCT, the biological activity moved from the first part of the biofilter to the end. Balances of cellular ATP and turbidity between consecutive backwashings indicated that the biological activity generated in the biofilter represented more than 90% of the detached cellular ATP. In contrast, the trapped ATP was less than 10% of the overall cellular ATP detached during the backwashing process. Furthermore, the biological activity generated in the biofilter seemed to be more dependent on the elapsed time than the volume filtered. In contrast, the turbidity trapped in the biofilter was proportional to the volume filtered, although a slightly higher amount of turbidity was found in the backwashing water; this was probably due to attrition of the bed medium. Finally, no correlations were found between turbidity and ATP, indicating that the two parameters focus on different matter. This suggests that turbidity should not be used as an alternative to cellular concentration.

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Section: (I -O) + G = E [2] I = Input Of Total Atp and Turbidity In Ssupporting

confidence: 90%

Study of Seawater Biofiltration by Measuring Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Turbidity

Simon

Rudé

Llorens

et al. 2013

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…The environmental occurrence and persistence of some groups relate to health risks associated with fecal pollution and the potential occurrence of enteric pathogens in aquatic environments [36][37][38][39]. They are also considered as process indicators employed as enterovirus surrogates in evaluating the effectiveness of water treatment processes [40][41][42][43]. Results of this study show that both types of phages were present in all samples before and after biological treatment like enteroviruses but with higher titers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Two Concentration Methods for the Molecular Detection of Enteroviruses in Raw and Treated Sewage

et al. 2015

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Human enteric viruses are a major causative agent of emerging waterborne diseases and constitute a serious public health concern. Environmental contamination occurs through discharge of waste materials from infected persons. Methods for viral detection should be developed to detect low infective dose of enteric viruses in environment. In this study, we aimed at comparing two concentration methods for the detection of naturally occurring enteroviruses in raw and treated sewage. In the first method, polyethylene glycol is used to concentrate viral particles from the collected samples. The second method is based on ultracentrifugation of viral particles at high speed (110,0009g). Genomes of enteroviruses were quantified by the quantitative real-time PCR method in raw and treated sewage samples. PEG-based method yielded higher genomic copies of enteric viruses (with an average of 5.9 log 10 genomic copies/100 mL) when applied to raw sewage samples. While the ultracentrifugation assay in the second method decreases genomic copies number (with an average of 5.4 log 10 genomic copies/100 mL). The recovery differences between the two methods were not significant when applied to clean samples (treated sewage). This could be explained by the presence of inhibitors, which interfere with qRT-PCR, in less quantity comparatively to raw sewage. PEG-based method would be more accurate for samples with highorganic matter load. This report emphasizes the importance of matrices nature on the recovery of enteroviruses from sewage samples. This should be taken into consideration for establishing standardized virological assays to ensure the virological quality control of discharged water in environment.

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“…The negative values for log removals with this configuration could be due to the disaggregation of microorganisms caused by agitation and recirculation. Similar results were previously reported by Matsushita et al (2013) and Hinjen et al (2010), where poor adsorption of microorganisms onto GAC was associated with the size and the surface properties of the microorganisms, the porosity of the bed material, favourable electrostatic forces, and van der Waals attractions (Guy et al 1977, Hijnen et al 2010, Persson et al 2005. C)…”

Section: Disinfection Performance Of Adsorption Onto Granular Activatedsupporting

confidence: 89%

Novel decentralized greywater treatment system based on combined adsorption and electrochemical oxidation

Garcia¹

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Electrochemical technologies for wastewater treatment present several promising characteristics to be used as decentralized water treatment systems to provide a sustainable and cost effective growing water supply complementing centralized water supply systems. However, their application and scaling up has been hindered by the high energy input required, and the mass transfer limitations.To address these limitations, the aim of this thesis is to develop a novel decentralized water treatment system to treat greywater produced at household scale. The system, a three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical reactor, comprises a flow-through electrochemical reactor, in which the contaminated solution will pass through the borondoped diamond (BDD) anode mesh, maximizing the total contact surface of the electrode.In addition, granular activated carbon (GAC) has been added as a bed material in the reactor, which has been recognized that can enhance the performance of the conventional two-dimensional (2D) system due to its adsorption properties and by acting as a third electrode within the system.The main goals of this thesis are: (i) to elucidate how the presence of a bed material can enhance the performance of the electrochemical treatment; (ii) to develop a proof-ofconcepts on the performance of a 3D electrochemical oxidation system for the treatment of greywater; (iii) to determine the effect of current density and volume of greywater loaded, and the bed material on the performance of the 3D system; (iv) to explore the viability of the electrochemical regeneration of the bed material when operating the 3D system for the treatment of greywater.The reactor has worked under three different configurations: (i) adsorption onto activated carbon (GAC system), (ii) electrochemical oxidation on BDD anode (2D system), and (iii) combined adsorption and electrochemical oxidation (3D system) for the treatment of simulated (SGW) and real greywater (RGW). Electrochemical experiments were conducted at a fixed current density of 15 A m ) and two different volume loads (2 L and 6 L) to study the effect of these two parameters in the performance ii of the 3D system (Chapter 6). To minimise the adsorption and catalytic effect of the GAC and determine the electrochemical oxidation capacity of the bed material acting as a third electrode, it has been substituted granular graphite (GG) (Chapter 7). Electrochemical regeneration of the GAC in the 3D system has been studied over the time by loading the reactor with saturated GAC (Chapter 8). Finally, an economic analysis has been conducted for the implementation of a 3D electrochemical system at household scale (Chapter 9).The results showed that the efficiency of a conventional 2D electrochemical system can be enhanced by up to 86% for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) in the 3D system. Obtained positive synergy values suggest that the combination of these two processes may trigger other electrochemical reactions in the 3D system while enabling the el...

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Characterisation of the behaviour of particles in biofilters for pre-treatment of drinking water

Cited by 36 publications

References 24 publications

Study of Seawater Biofiltration by Measuring Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Turbidity

Study of Seawater Biofiltration by Measuring Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Turbidity

Comparison of Two Concentration Methods for the Molecular Detection of Enteroviruses in Raw and Treated Sewage

Novel decentralized greywater treatment system based on combined adsorption and electrochemical oxidation

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