Stimulation of a Ca2 +-induced Ca2 +-release channel from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum by various adenosine(5')oligophospho(5')adenosines (Ap.A, n --2 -6) by a rapid quenching technique using radioactive calcium was studied. Ap4A, Ap5A and Ap6A, as well as adenosine S'-[B,ymethyleneltriphosphate (AdoPP [CH2]P), a non-hydrolyzable ATP analogue, stimulated the Ca2 +-release channel, whereas ApzA and Ap3A had no effect. At a concentration of 0.5 mM, the order of stimulation was AdoPP[CH,]P < Ap4A < Ap,A -4 Ap,A. As well as having the hlghest affinity (0.44 mM for half-maximal stimulation), Ap6A showed an extraordinarily high Hill coefficient of 3.3 (1.9 for AdoPP[CH2]P, 2.1 for Ap,A). The stimulating effect of Ap6A was reversible, yet its dissociation proceeded very slowly. Stimulation of Ca2+ release by Ap6A was counteracted by Mgz+ and ruthenium red. A 2',3'-dialdehyde derivative of Ap6A, which is a chemical probe for amino groups, stimulated irreversibly the Ca2 +-release channel and modified some high-molecular-mass sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins, possibly including the channel protein. Our data suggest that Ap6A stimulates the Ca2 + channel by binding to the activation site of the channel subunit and simultaneously preventing the spontaneous decay of the Ca2+ channel by keeping together two of the four channel subunits by bridging them with its two adenosine groups.The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is the main Caz+-storage site in skeletal muscle cells and plays a central role in Ca2+ regulation during the contraction/relaxation cycle [l -31. Ca2 + release from the SR is triggered by plasma and T-tubule membrane depolarization. The molecular mechanism of Ca2 + release is not well understood.