Characterisation of the mesoscopic and macroscopic friction behaviours of glass plain weave reinforcement

Montero, Lucila; Allaoui, Samir; Hivet, Gilles

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.01.022

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Results of a benchmark study on commingled fabric/tool friction [55] show no statistical effect of the velocity at room temperature (dry friction), while the friction coefficient is shown to increase with increasing velocity at temperature above the melting point of the considered matrix. Recent work from Montero et al [56] on yarn/yarn friction reports no effect of the velocity in the case of parallel yarns, and a slight increase in orthogonal yarns. These findings are coherent with the results obtained for the semipreg which show a limited effect of the shear rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Experimental characterization and modeling of the temperature and rate-dependent shear behaviour of powder-impregnated glass fiber/PA66 woven semipregs

Baumard

Menary

Almeida

et al. 2019

Composites Science and Technology

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This study focuses on the characterization of the in-plane shear response of a novel powder-impregnated, nonconsolidated PA66/glass semipreg to evaluate its forming behaviour. The effects of temperature and rate on the behaviour of the semipreg and the preconsolidated material were investigated using bias-extension tests. Results obtained show an increase in shear stress with decreasing temperature and increasing rate, with the semipreg exhibiting a lower sensitivity to the test speed. An increase of the flow distance to impregnate the yarns, due to intra-ply sliding mechanisms specific to the powder-impregnated semipreg, is observed. A model based on a hypoelastic approach with temperature and rate dependence is proposed to represent the material behaviour. Isothermal simulations of the bias-extension test are conducted. Results show a good agreement between the model and experimental data in terms of force and shear angle prediction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Experimental characterization and modeling of the temperature and rate-dependent shear behaviour of powder-impregnated glass fiber/PA66 woven semipregs

Baumard

Menary

Almeida

et al. 2019

Composites Science and Technology

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“…Those are the reasons why other tests were developed for composite semi-products friction characterization. A horizontal plane with a specific system for applying normal pressure was proposed by Hivet et al (2012), Montero et al (2017), but the pressure still seems too low for our forming conditions. To achieve normal pressures of about 1 bar, the pullout and the pull-through tests (illustrated on Figure 5A) are the most common ones; they are described in the benchmark of Sachs et al (2012).…”

Section: Characterization Methods Of Inter-ply Slidingmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Contribution to the Study of the Forming of Dry Unidirectional HiTape® Reinforcements for Primary Aircraft Structures

Bouquerel¹,

Moulin

Drapier

2021

Front. Mater.

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In the context of developing competitive liquid composites molding processes for primary aircraft structures, modeling the forming stage of automatically-placed initially flat stacks of dry reinforcements is of great interest. In the case of HiTape®, a dry unidirectional carbon fiber reinforcement designed to achieve performances comparable to state-of-the-art pre-impregnated materials, the presence of a thermoplastic veil on each side of the material for both processing and mechanical purposes should also be considered when modeling forming in hot conditions. As a dry unidirectional reinforcement, HiTape® is expected to exhibit a transversely isotropic behavior. Computation cost and strong characterization challenges led us to model its behavior at the forming process temperature (above the thermoplastic veil melting temperature) through a homogeneous equivalent continuous medium exhibiting four ‘classical’ deformation modes and a specific structural mode, namely out-of-plane bending. The response of both single plies and stacks of HiTape® to this latter structural mode was characterized at the forming process temperature using a modified Peirce flexometer. Results on single plies showed a non-linear softening moment-curvature behavior and a corresponding flexural stiffness much lower than what can be inferred from continuum mechanics. Moreover, testing stacks revealed that the veil acts as a thin load transfer layer between the plies undergoing relative in-plane displacement, i.e. inter-ply sliding. This inter-ply response was then characterized separately at the forming process temperature thanks to a specific method relying on a pull-through test. Experiments performed at pressures and speeds representative of the forming stage revealed that a hydrodynamic lubricated friction regime predominates, i.e. a linearly increasing relationship between the friction coefficient and the modified Hersey number. From an industrial point of view, high forming pressures and low speeds are therefore recommended to promote inter-ply slip to limit the occurrence of defects such as wrinkles.

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“…Surface properties, such as frictional constants, however, will be affected by the discretization of the yarns into a relatively low amount of virtual fibers (30 -130, compared to the thousands of fibers in an actual yarn). The yarn-to-yarn friction for glass fiber yarns is reported to vary between 0.2 -0.4 depending on the tension and normal pressure applied to the yarns, their velocity (static versus dynamic friction), and the sliding directions (parallel or transverse to each other) [26]. Generally, lower friction coefficients are found at higher velocities and forces, such as may be encountered during weaving.…”

Section: Generation Of An As-woven Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic and mechanical response of dry woven fabrics in through-thickness compression: Virtual fiber modeling with mesh overlay technique and experimental validation

Daelemans

Tomme

Caglar

et al. 2021

Composites Science and Technology

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Characterisation of the mesoscopic and macroscopic friction behaviours of glass plain weave reinforcement

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Experimental characterization and modeling of the temperature and rate-dependent shear behaviour of powder-impregnated glass fiber/PA66 woven semipregs

Experimental characterization and modeling of the temperature and rate-dependent shear behaviour of powder-impregnated glass fiber/PA66 woven semipregs

A Contribution to the Study of the Forming of Dry Unidirectional HiTape® Reinforcements for Primary Aircraft Structures

Kinematic and mechanical response of dry woven fabrics in through-thickness compression: Virtual fiber modeling with mesh overlay technique and experimental validation

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