Characterisation of the neutral oil from a low‐temperature coal tar

Bartle, Keith D.; Jones, D. W.; Martin, T. G.; Wise, W. S.

doi:10.1002/jctb.5010200610

Cited by 27 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The LTCT is a complex mixture of heteroatom compounds. It contains monohydric phenols, , dihydric phenols, basic nitrogen compounds, − and more than 60% neutral compounds, which originated from coal tar. , Previous characterization work showed the presence of aliphatic − and aromatic − hydrocarbons in neutral compounds found in coal tar. However, only a few neutral heteroatom compounds ,, were identified in LTCT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Middle-Temperature Gasification Coal Tar. Part 2: Neutral Fraction by Extrography Followed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and Electrospray Ionization Coupled with Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2012

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A commercial lignite gasification-derived middle-temperature coal tar (MTCT) was subjected to acid−base extraction to obtain acidic, basic, and neutral fractions. The neutral fraction was characterized by mass spectrometry (MS) for hydrocarbon-group-type analysis and further fractionated by extrography into six subfractions, which were characterized by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS). Saturate, aromatic, and resin fractions of the neutral fraction accounted for 16.4, 47.6, and 36.0 wt %, respectively. The GC−MS analysis showed that the first neutral subfraction (15.7 wt %) contained alkanes, alkenes, and cycloalkanes; the second subfraction (52.0 wt %) contained 1−6-ring aromatics; the third subfraction (4.6 wt %) contained neutral nitrogen compounds, such as indoles, carbazoles, and benzocarbazoles; the fourth subfraction (8.2 wt %) contained neutral polar compounds, such as C 8 −C 28 alkyl nitriles and aliphatic and aromatic ketones, such as 4-, 5-, and 6-ketones and phenyl ketones, derived from a series of propiophenone to decanophenone; the fifth subfraction (14.9 wt %) contained 2-ketones and aromatic ketones, such as acetophenones, indanones, and acetonaphthones; and most of the sixth subfraction (1.3 wt %) cannot be eluted from GC. Electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used to analyze the third neutral subfraction, which was enriched with neutral nitrogen compounds. In addition to indoles, carbazoles, and benzocarbazoles, FT-ICR MS analysis showed that dibenzocarbazoles and tribenzocarbazoles with various carbon numbers were present in the third neutral subfraction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Middle-Temperature Gasification Coal Tar. Part 2: Neutral Fraction by Extrography Followed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and Electrospray Ionization Coupled with Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2012

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“…Meanwhile, LTCT could also be used to produce chemicals, for example, to separate phenols. The composition of LTCT is extremely complex: it consists of thousands of hydrocarbons and heteroatom compounds, including aliphatic − and aromatic , hydrocarbons, phenols, − nitrogen compounds, − etc. Oxygen-containing compounds, such as phenolic compounds, are much more abundant in LTCT than petroleum and high-temperature coal tars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and Molecular Characterization of Ketones in a Low-Temperature Coal Tar

et al. 2018

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Ketones are major oxygen-containing compounds in low-temperature coal tars (LTCTs); however, the molecular composition of these compounds is not well characterized as a result of the complexity of itself and the interference of the coal tar matrix. In this study, ketones were separated from a LTCT and characterized by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), Orbitrap mass spectrometry (Orbitrap MS), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Isolation of ketones was carried out by a chemical derivatization process with Girard T reagent and followed by a hydrolysis process of the derivatives. The Girard T reagent reacted with ketones under weakly acidic conditions and introduced a charged quaternary ammonium moiety on carbonyl to form water-soluble hydrazones, which can be separated from a complex matrix through an extrography separation and have a strong response in a positive-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) source for mass spectrometric analysis. The isolated derivatives were reversibly turned into the original ketones to selectively separate long alkyl ketones from aromatic ketones with alkyl substituents of C0–C4. The ketones were assigned to 12 class species by high-resolution MS analysis: O1–5 (refers that there are 1–5 oxygen atoms in the molecules), O1S1, N1O1–4, and N2O1–2, among which the O1 class species was the most abundant. The long-chain alkyl ketones, such as aliphatic 2-, 3-, and 4-ketones, alkylcyclopentanones, alkyl phenyl ketones, and aromatic ketones (such as indanone, cyclopentenone, tetralone, acetonaphthone, dihydrophenanthrenone, benzophenone, fluorenone, fluorenyl formaldehyde, anthrone, anthracene formaldehyde, acetylanthracene, acetylphenanthrene, acetylfluorene, benzofluorenone, etc.), were detected by GC–MS. In addition, C18-isoprenoid methyl ketone and tricyclic terpenoids and steroids with one or two oxygen atoms were found in the coal tar.

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Environmental applications of mass spectrometry

Alford

1975

Biol. Mass Spectrom.

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Publications from 1969 through 1974 reporting organic and spark source mass spectrometric studies on environmental samples have been compiled. Emphasis is placed on pollutants identified, but some methods and techniques are discussed. The 396 reports cited vary from those reporting hundreds of identified pollutants to those describing the analysis of only one sample containing one or a few pollutants. Reports concerning forensic, synthetic and standard samples, and analyses for drug residues. metabolites and degradation products are not included

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Characterisation of the neutral oil from a low‐temperature coal tar

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

Characterization of Middle-Temperature Gasification Coal Tar. Part 2: Neutral Fraction by Extrography Followed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and Electrospray Ionization Coupled with Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

Characterization of Middle-Temperature Gasification Coal Tar. Part 2: Neutral Fraction by Extrography Followed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and Electrospray Ionization Coupled with Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

Separation and Molecular Characterization of Ketones in a Low-Temperature Coal Tar

Environmental applications of mass spectrometry

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