“…EME effects over a wide range of frequencies were observed for a large variety of materials, e.g. rocks, minerals and concrete [1,2,3,4,5], glass [6,7,8], metals [9], polymers [10,11], ice [12,13] or polymer-matrix composites [14,15,16] and concrete composites [17]. The mechanisms of EME generation have been subject to investigation for many years and multiple theories for the sources of EME in different materials and for different failure modes have been proposed.…”