Characterising plasticised cellulose acetate-based historic artefacts by NMR spectroscopy: A new approach for quantifying the degree of substitution and diethyl phthalate contents

Ros, Simoní Da; Aliev, Abil E.; Gaudio, Isabella del; King, R. B.; Pokorska, Anna; Kearney, Mark; Curran, Katherine

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109420

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…PyGCMS of a sample of plastic taken from the degraded hip joint plastic of CA doll C13 identified diethyl phthalate (DEP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) (see S.I. Figure S6 and Table S5 ), both of which are commonly encountered external plasticisers in CA artefacts [ 48 ], with TPP also having flame retardant properties [ 26 , 27 ]. CA doll C13 also had distinct needle-shaped white crystalline efflorescence visible on the hands (see Figure 4 below).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Materials and Condition of 20th-Century Dolls in Zoe Leonard’s Mouth Open, Teeth Showing 2000

Lee¹,

Ireland²,

Townsend³

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Systematic condition and analytical surveys were carried out on Zoe Leonard’s (b. 1961) Mouth Open, Teeth Showing 2000, an installation artwork in Tate’s collection consisting of 162 children’s dolls. The dolls were manufactured at various points within the 20th century and encompass several potentially problematic synthetic polymers found in modern and contemporary museum collections. To explore the doll materials and conservation condition, a multi-analytical approach was used to identify key synthetic polymer types and additives present, including portable and bench analytical techniques. Challenging degradation phenomena associated with different types of doll have been discussed and related to their material composition, which has helped our understanding of the conservation challenges inherent to this contemporary artwork.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Materials and Condition of 20th-Century Dolls in Zoe Leonard’s Mouth Open, Teeth Showing 2000

Lee¹,

Ireland²,

Townsend³

et al. 2022

Polymers

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“…Instrumental analysis allows identifying and characterising the different plastic components in artefacts, comprising polymeric blends, and additives (including dyes and pigments). Further, additives may migrate from the polymeric material and degrade at different rates compared to bulk polymers, and being able to identify and quantify them has proven to be extremely informative [ 26 ]. Molecular weight distributions and polymer microstructure affect physical properties and also plastic stability and degradability; therefore, quantitative analyses of such features can lead to more informed preservation strategies in collections [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Identification and Compositional Analysis Of Plastics In mentioning

confidence: 99%

What Fate for Plastics in Artworks? An Overview of Their Identification and Degradative Behaviour

Lazzari

Reggio

2021

Polymers

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This review is conceived as a guide for material science researchers and conservators aiming to face the problem of deterioration of contemporary artworks entirely or partially made of plastics. It initially illustrates the analytical approaches for identifying polymeric material components in 3D art objects, such as sculptures and installations, and provides a perspective of their limits and advantages. Subsequently, the methodologies used for studying the deterioration of contemporary art plastics are reviewed, emphasising the main effects of the different types of degradation (i.e., migration of additives, oxidation and hydrolysis) and suggesting the appropriate techniques for their detection. Finally, the application of artificial ageing tests is critically assessed. All the concepts are elaborated through case studies and examples.

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“…Alternatively, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy is a very useful method for DS determination as it is a direct, nondestructive method and applicable to a broad range of cellulose derivatives. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] One of the main limitations of this method is the necessity for solubilization, which is especially challenging for cellulose derivatives with a low DS, which are often insoluble in common organic solvents. Furthermore, it is limited to cellulose derivatives with substituents that show signals in the 1 H NMR spectrum that do not overlap with those of the AGU protons that are typically used as reference for DS calculations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the degree of substitution of cellulose esters via ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy

Wolfs,

Scheelje,

Matveyeva

et al. 2023

Journal of Polymer Science

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Cellulose derivatives are promising bio‐based polymeric materials with possible applications ranging from thickening agents and stabilizers to optical films. The precise determination of their degree of substitution (DS) is crucial, as the DS substantially influences the material properties of such cellulose derivatives. Herein, the applicability of attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared for DS determination of cellulose esters was investigated. Sixteen cellulose acetates with DS ranging from 0.41 to 2.99 were synthesized and three acetyl group‐specific vibrational signals were evaluated quantitatively in reference to the cellulose anhydroglucose unit vibration ν(CO)AGU. A non‐linear correlation for the absorbance intensity with the DS was observed and the data was fitted based on a newly developed model with correlation coefficients R2 between 0.958 and 0.998, depending on the evaluated signal. This DS determination method is simple and efficient, since it does not need any prederivatization or extensive sample preparation and can furthermore be applied to non‐soluble samples. In order to widen the scope, eight cellulose butyrates, six cellulose laurates and six cellulose benzoates with different DS were synthesized and the DS determination method could be analogously applied to these cellulose esters, but a separate calibration for the different esters was found to be necessary.

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Characterising plasticised cellulose acetate-based historic artefacts by NMR spectroscopy: A new approach for quantifying the degree of substitution and diethyl phthalate contents

Cited by 14 publications

References 53 publications

Exploring the Materials and Condition of 20th-Century Dolls in Zoe Leonard’s Mouth Open, Teeth Showing 2000

Exploring the Materials and Condition of 20th-Century Dolls in Zoe Leonard’s Mouth Open, Teeth Showing 2000

What Fate for Plastics in Artworks? An Overview of Their Identification and Degradative Behaviour

Determination of the degree of substitution of cellulose esters via ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy

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