Characterising risk of homicide in a population-based cohort

O’Neill, Meghan; Buajitti, Emmalin; Donnelly, Peter; Lewis, Jeremy A.; Kornas, Kathy; Rosella, Laura

doi:10.1136/jech-2019-213249

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The risk of homicide can be influenced by factors that are more prevalent in immigrant communities such as social isolation, cultural attitudes, gender roles, and fewer employment options ( 6 ). In our study, we found a higher risk of homicide among immigrant females, regardless of other characteristics, whereas no differences by citizenship were observed for males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Male and Female Differences in Homicide Mortality: Results of an Italian Longitudinal Study, 2012–2018

Ventura¹,

Napoli²,

Petrelli³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionItaly has one of the lowest homicide rates in Europe. However, while it is decreasing overall, the proportion of murdered women is increasing. This study aimed to analyze the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics associated with homicide mortality in Italy, focusing specifically on male and female differences.MethodsUsing a longitudinal design, the Italian 2011 General Census population was followed up to 2018. Deaths from homicide were retrieved by a record linkage with the Causes of Death Register. Age-standardized mortality rates, stratified by sex, citizenship, education, and geographic area of residence were calculated. The association between sociodemographic characteristics and homicide mortality was evaluated using quasi-Poisson regression models.ResultsBetween 2012 and 2018, 1,940 homicides were recorded in Italy: 53% were females over age 55, 10% were immigrant females, 34% were males aged 40–54 years, 76% had a medium-low education level, and 57% lived in the South and Islands. Foreign citizenship increased a female's risk of dying from homicide (adjusted rate ratio (RRadj): 1.85; 95% CI: 1.54–2.23), while no differences between Italian and immigrant males were found. An inverse association between education and mortality was observed for both sexes, stronger for males (RRadj: 3.68; 95% CI: 3.10–4.36, low vs. high) than for females (RRadj: 1.38; 95%CI: 1.17–1.62, low vs. high). Moreover, a male residing in the South or the Islands had almost 2.5 times the risk of dying from homicide than a resident in the North-West. Finally, old age (over 75) increased a female's risk of being murdered, whereas the highest risk for males was observed for those aged 25–54 years.ConclusionsMale and female differences in homicide mortality profiles by age were expected, but the results by residence, citizenship, and education highlight that living in disadvantaged socioeconomic contexts increases the risk of dying from homicide, suggesting the need to implement specific prevention and intervention strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been frequently highlighted that male gender, young-adult age, low socioeconomic status, and being involved in organized crime are the main risk factors for being victims of homicide ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male and Female Differences in Homicide Mortality: Results of an Italian Longitudinal Study, 2012–2018

Ventura¹,

Napoli²,

Petrelli³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…To quantify days of care received in the year prior to homicide for MHA and assault, we calculated the proportion of individuals with any health care use and the mean visit length among those with any health care use. We stratified all measures of health care use by sex given that the risk of homicide varies by sex [30,31] and that we had sufficient sample size to examine health care utilisation. We describe the number of individuals who received health care services for both MHA and assault.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing mental health/addictions and assault visits in the year prior to death: a population-based linked cohort study of homicide victims

O’Neill

Buajitti

Donnelly

et al. 2021

IJPDS

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IntroductionHomicide is an important cause of death for older youth and adult Canadians; however, little is known about health care use prior to death among this population. ObjectivesTo characterise health care use for mental health and addictions (MHA) and serious assault (herein referred to assault) one year prior to death among individuals who died by homicide in Ontario, Canada using linked mortality and health care utilisation data. MethodsWe report rates of health care use for MHA and assault in the year prior to death among all individuals 16 years and older in Ontario, Canada, who died by homicide from April 2003 to December 2012 (N=1,541). Health care use for MHA included inpatient stays, emergency department (ED) visits and outpatient visits, whereas health care use for assault included only hospital-based care (ED visits and inpatient stays). Sociodemographic characteristics and health care utilisation were examined across homicide deaths, stratified by sex. ResultsOverall, 28.5% and 5.9% of homicide victims sought MHA and assault care in the year prior to death, respectively. A greater proportion of females accessed care for MHA, whereas a greater proportion of males accessed assault-related health care. Males were more likely to be hospitalised following an ED visit for a MHA or assault related reason, in comparison to females. The most common reason for a MHA hospital visit was for substance-related disorders. We found an increase over time for hospital-based visits for assault prior to death, a trend that was not observed for MHA-related visits. ConclusionsA large proportion of homicide victims interacted with the health care system for MHA or assault in the year prior to death. An increase in hospital-based visits for assault-related reasons prior to death was observed. These trends may offer insight into avenues for support and prevention for victims of homicide.

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“…To ensure the privacy and protection of data, ICES implements a series of physical and logical controls to govern access to information, like the use of secure zones within ICES facilities, complex passwords, and encryption. The use of these data has enabled scientists to answer important policy-relevant questions across different disciplines such as health services research, health economics, epidemiology and public health [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Describing the linkage between administrative social assistance and health care databases in Ontario, Canada

Oliveira

Gatov

Rosella

et al. 2022

IJPDS

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BackgroundThe linkage of records across administrative databases has become a powerful tool to increase information available to undertake research and analytics in a privacy protective manner. ObjectiveThe objective of this paper was to describe the data integration strategy used to link the Ontario Ministry of Children, Community and Social Services (MCCSS)-Social Assistance (SA) database with administrative health care data. MethodsDeterministic and probabilistic linkage methods were used to link the MCCSS-SA database (2003-2016) to the Registered Persons Database, a population registry containing data on all individuals issued a health card number in Ontario, Canada. Linkage rates were estimated, and the degree of record linkage and representativeness of the dataset were evaluated by comparing socio-demographic characteristics of linked and unlinked records. ResultsThere were a total of 2,736,353 unique member IDs in the MCCSS-SA database from the 1st January 2003 to 31st December 2016; 331,238 (12.1%) were unlinked (linkage rate = 87.9%). Despite 16 passes, most record linkages were obtained after 2 deterministic (76.2%) and 14 probabilistic passes (11.7%). Linked and unlinked samples were similar for most socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., sex, age, rural dwelling), except migrant status (non-migrant versus migrant) (standardized difference of 0.52). Linked and unlinked records were also different for SA program-specific characteristics, such as social assistance program, Ontario Works and Ontario Disability Support Program (standardized difference of 0.20 for each), data entry system, Service Delivery Model Technology only and both Service Delivery Model Technology and Social Assistance Management System (standardized difference of 0.53 and 0.52, respectively), and months on social assistance (standardized difference of 0.43). ConclusionsAdditional techniques to account for sub-optimal linkage rates may be required to address potential biases resulting from this data linkage. Nonetheless, the linkage between administrative social assistance and health care data will provide important findings on the social determinants of health.

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Characterising risk of homicide in a population-based cohort

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Male and Female Differences in Homicide Mortality: Results of an Italian Longitudinal Study, 2012–2018

Male and Female Differences in Homicide Mortality: Results of an Italian Longitudinal Study, 2012–2018

Characterizing mental health/addictions and assault visits in the year prior to death: a population-based linked cohort study of homicide victims

Describing the linkage between administrative social assistance and health care databases in Ontario, Canada

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