Characterising the biophysical properties of normal and hyperkeratotic foot skin

Hashmi, Farina; Nester, Christopher; Wright, Ciaran; Newton, Veronica; Lam, Sharon

doi:10.1186/s13047-015-0092-7

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The skin characterisation devices have not been utilised within this patient group before. However, they have been utilised in published research in adults [ 21 , 27 ]. Extensive pilot work and comparison to other devices has been undertaken to establish this protocol as feasible, in addition to repeatability work at each laboratory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of the infant foot as a load bearing structure: study protocol for a longitudinal evaluation (the Small Steps study)

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McClymont

Hashmi

et al. 2018

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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BackgroundAn improved understanding of the structural and functional development of the paediatric foot is fundamental to a strong theoretical framework for health professionals and scientists. An infant’s transition from sitting, through crawling and cruising, to walking is when the structures and function of the foot must adapt to bearing load. The adaptation of skin and other hard and soft tissue, and foot and gait biomechanics, during this time is poorly understood. This is because data characterising the foot tissue and loading pre-walking onset does not exist. Of the existing kinematic and plantar pressure data, few studies have collected data which reflects the real-life activities of infants with modern equipment.MethodsThis is a longitudinal study and part of the Great Foundations Initiative, a collaborative project between the University of Brighton and the University of Salford, which is seeking to improve foot health in children. Two cohorts of 50 infants will be recruited at the two sites (University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK and University of Salford, Salford, UK). Infants will be recruited when they first reach for their feet and attend four laboratory visits at milestones related to foot loading, with experienced independent walking being the final milestone. Data collection will include tissue characteristics (skin thickness, texture, elasticity, pH and tendon thickness and cross-sectional area), plantar pressures and kinematics captured during real world locomotion tasks.DiscussionThis study will provide a database characterising the development of the infant foot as it becomes a weight bearing structure. The data will allow effective comparison and quantification of changes in structure and function due to maturation and loading by measuring pre and post established walking. Additional variables which impact on the development of the foot (gender, ethnicity and body weight) will also be factored into our analysis. This will help us to advance understanding of the determinants of foot development in early childhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The participant will be seated with legs extended and plantar aspects of both feet facing the investigator, in an infant feeding chair, or in the arms of the parent/guardian. Five sites will be measured [ 21 , 27 ] (Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the infant foot as a load bearing structure: study protocol for a longitudinal evaluation (the Small Steps study)

Price

McClymont

Hashmi

et al. 2018

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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“…This finding agrees with the results of Hoffmann, Ammon, Volkamer, Sürie, and Radko [ 27 ], who found a negative correlation between DC values and the severity of foot pad dermatitis (FPD) in broiler chickens; specifically the DC values were higher in foot pads with lower FPD scores and were lower in foot pads with higher FPD scores. Hashmi, et al [ 33 ] found lower levels of hydration in hyperkeratotic than in normal foot skin. Alanen, et al [ 34 ] reported that there was always some air between the probe and the skin due to the roughness of the skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor-Based Detection of the Severity of Hyperkeratosis in the Teats of Dairy Cows

Demba

Hoffmann

Ammon

et al. 2018

Sensors

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The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the severity of hyperkeratosis (HK) in the teats of dairy cows can be assessed by a dielectric measurement. The study focused on surveying the occurrence of hyperkeratosis in a total of 241 teats of lactating dairy cows. A scoring system consisting of four categories was used to macroscopically assess the severity of HK. Additionally, the dielectric constant (DC) of all teats with milkability was measured in a double iteration with the MoistureMeterD (Delfin Technologies, Kuopio, Finland) on four different days. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient revealed a negative correlation between the DC and HK score (rs = −0.55 to −0.36). The results of the regression analysis showed that the DC values differed significantly between healthy teat ends (≤2) and teat ends with HK (≥3). Thus, the non-invasive measurement of DC provides a promising method of objectively assessing the occurrence and severity of HK.

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“…These devices are widely regarded as “the gold standard” for measuring skin elasticity . However, they have several disadvantages: expensive and large for home‐use, should contact the skin surface during the measurement and expert knowledge is required to understand the results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of relation between skin elasticity and the entropy of skin image using near‐infrared and visible light sources

Jung

Lee

Kim

et al. 2019

Journal of Biophotonics

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Skin elasticity has been regarded as one of the main indicators of skin condition. Current measurement devices for skin elasticity are mostly expensive for home‐use and should contact the skin surface. As a first step to develop improved methods, we focus on the relation between skin elasticity and the entropy of skin images. Reduced skin elasticity causes wrinkles. It spreads frequency components and increases their randomness in the frequency domain. The randomness is quantified as entropy, which is a measure of the disorder of a system in physics. Therefore, skin elasticity is expected to have a negative relation with entropy. This tendency can be improved by applying penetration depth characteristics according to the wavelength of light. From cheeks and forehead of 12 Korean adults, skin images are acquired with three different light sources (470 nm, 870 nm and broadband light) and skin elasticity is measured. The root mean square error between the measured data and the fitted model is “0.27” (870 nm), “0.49” (broadband light) and “1.42” (470 nm). Furthermore, the results are analyzed by classifying by sex, age and measurement area. This study demonstrates the possibility of developing noncontact home‐use devices to measure skin elasticity in the future.

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Characterising the biophysical properties of normal and hyperkeratotic foot skin

Cited by 24 publications

References 40 publications

Development of the infant foot as a load bearing structure: study protocol for a longitudinal evaluation (the Small Steps study)

Development of the infant foot as a load bearing structure: study protocol for a longitudinal evaluation (the Small Steps study)

Sensor-Based Detection of the Severity of Hyperkeratosis in the Teats of Dairy Cows

Analysis of relation between skin elasticity and the entropy of skin image using near‐infrared and visible light sources

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