High-speed train fast movement has a relative effect of instantaneous grounding circuit impedance change which in turn aggravates circumflux and increases train body potential. Consequently, the current entering the body can cause various effects like electromagnetic interference to onboard equipment which may affect normal operation of sensitive equipment like sensors. This paper addresses transient operation with the consideration of transient overvoltage resulting from pantograph lifting and lowering. Therefore, in ensuring safety of equipment and passengers, mobile grounding system of the high speed takes into account the indicators of current and overvoltage and their influence on the electromagnetic environment. To analyze the system, an equivalent circuit of the whole ‘train-rail’ mobile distributed grounding system is constructed based on the practically obtained impedances. This circuit facilitates the examination of current flowing through grounding wheels. Additionally, a 3D model is constructed using finite element (FEM) software to evaluate the effect of TB current on vital vehicle-mounted equipment. The study compares multi-physical distributions under different grounding schemes, emphasizing critical regions containing key devices and establishing an optimal grounding scheme.