Characteristic cellular composition of germinal centers

Imamura, Keiko; Yasuda, Masahiro; Riwar, Brigitte; Inui, Shigeru; Ekino, Shigeo

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2007.12.002

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Spleen and all MALTs present GCs, in which CSR of IgM to IgY or to IgA, in addition to affinity maturation of the Ig genes, occurs during an immune response (88, 96). Notably, the mechanism of affinity maturation in chicken Ig is different from that in mice and humans B cells; in these species, SHM is the main mechanism for affinity maturation, whereas gene conversion and SHM both contribute to the affinity maturation in chicken (97).…”

Section: Avian B Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of B Cell Immunity

Parra

Takizawa

Sunyer

2013

Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci.

121

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Two types of adaptive immune strategies are known to have evolved in vertebrates: the VLR-based system, which is present in jawless organisms and is mediated by VLRA and VLRB lymphocytes, and the BCR/TCR-based system, which is present in jawed species and is provided by B and T cell receptors expressed on B and T cells, respectively. Here we summarize features of B cells and their predecessors in the different animal phyla, focusing the review on B cells from jawed vertebrates. We point out the critical role of nonclassical species and comparative immunology studies in the understanding of B cell immunity. Because nonclassical models include species relevant to veterinary medicine, basic science research performed in these animals contributes to the knowledge required for the development of more efficacious vaccines against emerging pathogens.

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Section: Avian B Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of B Cell Immunity

Parra

Takizawa

Sunyer

2013

Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci.

121

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“…The BOF is a central immune organ unique to birds and the site of induction and differentiation of bursa‐dependent immune cells (B cells), which is mainly related to humoral immunity (Peng, 2016). T cells distributed in the lamina propria and cortex of BOF, but not in the medulla (Imamura et al, 2009). There are synthetic cells of IgG in the lamina propria and cortex of BOF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and developmental changes of IL‐21 immunopositive cells in the bursa of Fabricius of Jinhu silky chicken

Ke,

Khaliq,

Jiafu

et al. 2023

J Exp Zool Pt A

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Bursa of Fabricius (BOF) is a unique immune organ of birds. It is the place where lymphocytes develop, differentiate and mature. Young chicken BOF is susceptible to infection and damage, and even atrophy, causing immune suppression, and bringing huge economic losses to chicken production. Therefore, studying the regulatory mechanism of chicken bursa development is of great practical significance for disease prevention and diagnosis. Jinhu silky chicken (JSC) is a local excellent breed in the Fujian Province of China and with strong disease resistance. However, studies on the disease resistance of JSC are scarce. This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for reproduction and disease control of JSC. Developmental features of the structure and the IL‐21‐positive cell (IL‐21 PC) distribution on the BOF in JSC were measured from 7 to 300 days of age. Bursas of chicken (n = 36) were taken at 7, 35, 70, 150, 240, and 300 days of age for preparation of paraffin sections and stained with hematoxylin–eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry. The microstructure of JSC's BOF was similar to that of other poultry. The cortical‐medullary boundary of the bursa nodule was not obvious at 7 days of age, but it was evident after 35 days of age. Before 70 days of age, IL‐21 positive cells (PC) were scattered on the BOF. At 150 days of age, the number of IL‐21 PC in the bursa were the highest and the nuclei were clear. The level of IL‐21 PC gradually decreased with age. The BOF degenerated and disappeared in 300‐day‐old JSC. The histological structure of the BOF was similar to that of other poultry. IL‐21 PC were widespread in the BOF at different ages, but the numbers were different.

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“…In the present study, the splenic expressions of IL-2, INF-γ, and IL-4 following TA exposure were significantly lower than in the CON group, which is consistent with a previous study [ 11 ]. Multiple cytokines, such as IL-2 and INF-γ, are secreted by activated T cells and play essential roles in the maturation, replication, and differentiation of T cells [ 79 , 80 , 81 ]. There were marked increases in splenic IFN-γ mRNA expression in the BT and BT+TA groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of probiotics against tannin-induced immunosuppression in broiler chickens

Ramah

Yasuda

Ohashi

et al. 2022

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health

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Tannins (TAs) are an anti-nutritional substance commonly used as a natural feed additive for livestock. However, our previous study described the dose-dependent adverse effects of TA on immune responses and growth in chickens. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of a probiotic preparation (BT) consisting of three different bacteria ( Bacillus mesenteric, Clostridium butyricum, and Streptococcus faecalis ) against TA-induced immunosuppression in chickens. Forty chicks were divided into 4 groups as follows: the CON group (basal diet), BT group supplemented with 3 g BT/kg diet, tannic acid (TA) group supplemented with 30 g TA/kg diet, and BT+TA group supplemented with 3 g BT/kg diet + 30 g TA/kg diet. The feeding trial lasted for 35 days. Lymphocyte subset, macrophage phagocytosis, cytokine mRNA expression, and primary and secondary IgY immune responses were evaluated. BT supplementation significantly improved TA-induced reductions in final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and relative weights of lymphoid organs compared with the TA group. Furthermore, in the spleen and cecal tonsil (CT), the relative populations of CD4 + , CD8 + , and CD4 + CD8 + cells in the BT+TA group were significantly ameliorated compared with the TA group. Additionally, comparison with the TA group showed that the chickens in the BT+TA group had an improved relative population of B cells in the CT and that macrophage phagocytosis in the spleen was significantly increased. Chickens in the BT+TA group showed significant increases in IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNA expression in the spleen compared with the TA group. The primary and secondary IgY responses were significantly improved. These results revealed that supplementation with BT protects against TA-induced immunosuppression in chickens.

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Characteristic cellular composition of germinal centers

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Evolution of B Cell Immunity

Evolution of B Cell Immunity

Distribution and developmental changes of IL‐21 immunopositive cells in the bursa of Fabricius of Jinhu silky chicken

Protective effects of probiotics against tannin-induced immunosuppression in broiler chickens

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