Abstract. Period domains, the classifying spaces for (pure, polarized) Hodge structures, and more generally Mumford-Tate domains, arise as open G R -orbits in flag varieties G/P . We investigate Hodge-theoretic aspects of the geometry and representation theory associated with these flag varieties. In particular, we relate the Griffiths-Yukawa coupling to the variety of lines on G/P (under a minimal homogeneous embedding), construct a large class of polarized G R -orbits in G/P , and compute the associated Hodge-theoretic boundary components. An emphasis is placed throughout on adjoint flag varieties and the corresponding families of Hodge structures of levels two and four.