Characteristic Features of Damage to the Public Sewerage Systems in the Hanshin Area

Abstract

Damage to the public sewerage systems for six cities in the Hanshin area due to the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake was summarized as 140 km pipelines, 19 treatment plants and 32 pumping stations. Characteristic features of the damage compared to those in past earthquakes were as follows: 1) distribution of damaged pipelines in Nishinomiya was concentrated both in liquefied zones of the coastal area and in an area surrounded by two faults, 2) three large concrete pipelines were heavily cracked longitudinally, 3) internal concrete linings in sewerage shield tunnels were cracked causing water leakage, and 4) the Higashinada treatment plant suffered serious damage due to liquefaction, whereas the Port Island plant was sound due to soil improvement to increase the soil's resistance for liquefaction.

Foam Concrete: A State‐of‐the‐Art and State‐of‐the‐Practice Review

“…Dowding and Rozen [247] confirmed a series of seismic damage events on hydraulic tunnels in USA by statistical analysis on dozens of e similar seismic hazards were also be documented in Japan during the 1995 Osaka-Kobe earthquake (M s � 7.2), in which water supply pipelines and sewage drainage systems in Hanshin and adjacent areas were severely damaged. e water supply systems in Kobe were even completely destroyed [248,249]. Currently, many contributions have been made to use FC as antiseismic material in hydraulic tunnels.…”