Crystal structure has a strong influence
on the luminescence properties
of lanthanide-doped materials. In this work, we have investigated
the thermally induced structural transition in Gd
2
Hf
2
O
7
(GHO) using Eu
3+
ions as the spectroscopic
probe. It was found that complete phase transition from the disordered
fluorite phase (DFP) to the ordered pyrochlore phase (OPP) can be
achieved in GHO with the increase of annealing temperature from 650
→ 1100 → 1300 °C. OPP is the more stable structural
form for the GHOE nanoparticles (NPs) annealed at a higher temperature
based on the energy calculation by density functional theory (DFT).
The asymmetry ratio of the GHOE-650 NPs was the highest, whereas the
quantum yield, luminescence intensity, and lifetime values of the
GHOE-1300 NPs were the highest. Emission intensity of Eu
3+
ions increases significantly with the phase transition from the
DFP to OPP phase and is attributed to the higher radiative transition
rate (281 s
–1
) of the
5
D
0
level
of the Eu
3+
ion in the environment with relatively lower
symmetry (
C
2
v
) because
of the increase of crystal size. As the structure changes from DFP
to OPP, radioluminescence showed tunable color change from red to
orange. The Eu
3+
local structure obtained from DFT calculation
confirmed the absence of inversion symmetry in the DFP structure,
which is consistent with the experimental emission spectra and Stark
components. We also elucidated the host to dopant optical energy transfer
through density of states calculations. Overall, our current studies
present important observations for the GHOE NPs: (i) thermally induced
order–disorder phase transition, (ii) change of point group
symmetry around Eu
3+
ions in the two phases, (iii) high
thermal stability, and (iv) tunability of radioluminescent color.
This work provides fundamental understanding of the relationship between
the crystal structure and photophysical properties of lanthanide-doped
materials and helps design a strategy for advanced optoelectronic
materials.