Characteristic of Oxide Layers Obtained on Titanium in the Process of Thermal Oxidation

Abstract

Thermal oxidation in air may be one method to improve the properties of titanium and its alloys through its influence on the structure and properties of the material’s surface layer. This paper presents a description of oxide layers obtained on the surface of Grade 2 titanium as a result of oxidation at temperatures of 600 and 700°C. On the basis of kinetic curves, it was found that the intensity of oxide layer growth increased with oxidation temperature. Studies of the surface morphology of oxide layers showed that the size of the formed oxide particles was greater following oxidation at 600°C. The obtained layers were subjected to X-ray phase analysis and microhardness measurements. Irrespective of oxidation temperature, the scale consisted of TiO2 oxide in the crystallographic form of rutile and of Ti3O oxide. The hardness of oxide layers amounted to around 1265 HV and was more than 4 times higher compared to the material in i ts initial state.

The Tensile Properties, Scratch Behaviors and Sliding Wear of Oxide Scale Formed on Titanium Grade 2

“…This means that the higher the hardness of the material, the lower the wear. An earlier study by the authors of [ 30 ] showed that oxides obtained on titanium were characterized by high hardness, which directly translated into an increased resistance to wear.…”

The Cyclic Oxidation and Hardness Characteristics of Thermally Exposed Titanium Prepared by Inductive Sintering-Assisted Powder Metallurgy

“…From Figure 1a, it is evident that the mass gain versus oxidation time curves generally fit to the parabolic function at temperature range of 700-900 • C. The curves of the square of mass gain of the samples during oxidation, which are close to a linear line at all oxidation temperatures, are shown in Figure 1b. It can be noted that the oxidation kinetics obey a parabolic law at all oxidation temperatures [16][17][18]. Kofstad et al [19] also determined that the oxidation behavior of Ti was dependent on temperature and time, and that its oxidation behavior followed a parabolic law in the temperature range of 600 • C to 1000 • C. As the mass gain versus oxidation time curves obey the parabolic law, the parabolic rate constant (k p ) of Ti can be measured as follows [20]:…”

“…The curves of the square of mass gain of the samples during oxidation, which are close to a linear line at all oxidation temperatures, are shown in Figure 1b. It can be noted that the oxidation kinetics obey a parabolic law at all oxidation temperatures [16][17][18]. Kofstad et al [19] also determined that the oxidation behavior of Ti was dependent on temperature and time, and that its oxidation behavior followed a parabolic law in the temperature range of 600 C to 1000 C.…”

Morphological and Structural Study of Anodized Titanium Grade 2, Using HCl in Aqueous Solution

“…According with several reports 1,2,16-18 , the process of diffusing oxygen over the surface of the titanium at temperatures above 700 °C results in the formation of TiO 2 in the form of rutile. However, with an anodizing process prior to heat treatment, synthesis by electrochemical anodizing promotes the formation of anatase 16 .…”