Characteristic overpressure–impulse–distance curves for the detonation of explosives, pyrotechnics or unstable substances

Alonso, Fernando Díaz; Ferradás, Enrique González; Pérez, Joaquín; Aznar, Agustín Miñana; Gimeno, José; Alonso, Jesús Martínez

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2006.06.001

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…When explosives of other types are employed, the approach relies on an equivalent TNT mass. However, the TNT equivalence may depend on a number of parameters such as charge size, scaled distance, detonation speed, Chapman-Jouguet pressure; and for a given explosive the pressure and the impulse calculations may require different TNT equivalence values [16][17][18]. Therefore, it is difficult to handle non-TNT types of explosives with the CONWEP approach.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of armored vehicles subjected to undercarriage landmine blasts

Erdik¹,

Kiliç

Kılıç³

et al. 2015

Shock Waves

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Landmine threats play a crucial role in the design of armored personnel carriers. Therefore, a reliable blast simulation methodology is valuable to the vehicle design development process. The first part of this study presents a parametric approach for the quantification of the important factors such as the incident overpressure, the reflected overpressure, the incident impulse, and the reflected impulse for the blast simulations that employ the Arbitrary LagrangianEulerian formulation. The effects of mesh resolution, mesh topology, and fluid-structure interaction (FSI) parameters are discussed. The simulation results are compared with the calculations of the more established CONventional WEaPons (CONWEP) approach based on the available experimental data. The initial findings show that the spherical topology provides advantages over the Cartesian mesh domains. Furthermore, the FSI parameters play an important role when coarse Lagrangian finite elements are coupled with fine Eulerian elements at the interface. The optimum mesh topology and the mesh resolution of the parametric study are then used in the landmine blast simulation. The second part of the study presents the experimental blast response of an armored vehicle subjected to a landmine explosion under the front left wheel in accordance with the NATO AEP-55 Standard. The results of the simulations show good agreement with the experimental measurements.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of armored vehicles subjected to undercarriage landmine blasts

Erdik¹,

Kiliç

Kılıç³

et al. 2015

Shock Waves

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The diagrams used to determine the combination of overpressure and impulse at each distance from a detonation as a function of the TNT equivalent mass (taken from the TNT equivalent model (IChemE, 1994)) are the characteristic curves (Diaz Alonso et al, 2006). From these diagrams and using the Probit equations taken from Baker et al (1983), Contini and Francocci (1993), Lees (1996) and TNO (1989), new figures are constructed.…”

Section: Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most interesting application of the characteristic curves is to provide general diagrams for each type of damage, by overlaying the iso-damage lines corresponding to different percentages on the general diagram of Diaz Alonso et al (2006). The results are shown in Figs.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous paper (Diaz Alonso et al, 2006), the methodology to build the characteristic curves for the detonation of explosive substances, was presented, as well as the way to use them. They provide the most relevant information for explosions, namely, the relationship between overpressure, impulse and distance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the case of the so-called TNT equivalent model, which was used by Diaz Alonso et al (2006) to obtain the characteristic curves. In particular, these parameters are calculated in order to perform a consequence analysis (Rigas & Sklavounos, 2002, 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Consequence analysis by means of characteristic curves to determine the damage to humans from the detonation of explosive substances as a function of TNT equivalence

Alonso

Ferradás

Miñarro

et al. 2007

Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries

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Predicting the Peak Pressure from the Curved Surface of Detonating Cylindrical Charges

Knock

Davies

2011

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Trinitrotoluene (TNT) equivalency depends on knowing the relative strength of different explosives compared to TNT. However, most past work has been carried out only using spherical charges, whereas most military ammunition is cylindrical in shape. It is known that in certain directions, cylindrical charges give an enhanced blast close in when compared to that of spherical charges. This paper examines data for cylindrical explosive charges from the literature for Composition B and pentolite and then describes experimental work carried out on cylindrical PE4 charges. Analysis of the free air experimental and literature data shows that close into the curved side of a cylindrical charge it is possible to predict the peak pressure using an equation of the form Peak pressure = K mass/distance 3 , where K is an explosive dependent constant; 2695 Pa m 3 kg À1 for Composition B, 2498 Pa m 3 kg À1 for pentolite and 2565 Pa m 3 kg À1 for PE4, for length to diameter ratios of between 2 : 1 and 10 : 1. For a scaled distance (distance/mass 1/3 ) of less than 3.5 m kg À1/3 , the results are very accurate. This means that, provided data for cylindrical charges of TNT is obtained, a simple method of determining the TNT equivalency of a cylindrical charge, perpendicular to the curved surface is given by TNT equivalence = K explosive /K TNT . For a more accurate prediction at a scaled distance of greater than 3.5 m kg À1/3 a cubic equation of the form Peak pressure = K 1 Z À3 + K 2 Z À2 + K 3 Z À1 has been found to apply where Z = distance/mass 1/3 and the coefficients K 1 , K 2 and K 3 depend on the explosive type.

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Characteristic overpressure–impulse–distance curves for the detonation of explosives, pyrotechnics or unstable substances

Cited by 42 publications

References 4 publications

Numerical simulation of armored vehicles subjected to undercarriage landmine blasts

Numerical simulation of armored vehicles subjected to undercarriage landmine blasts

Consequence analysis by means of characteristic curves to determine the damage to humans from the detonation of explosive substances as a function of TNT equivalence

Predicting the Peak Pressure from the Curved Surface of Detonating Cylindrical Charges

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