Saline soil is widely distributed in western Jilin province, China, agriculture and engineering are affected by the saline soil. Its formation and development process are influenced the most by factors of the natural geological environment. For the purpose of investigating the salinization process and influence factors in western Jilin, this study analyzes the saline soil of Nong'an in western Jilin Province, which was sampled during a field investigation. Thereafter, the characteristics of the water and salt migration in the soil have been investigated in the laboratory, the environmental factors of the study area, and the influence of the ecological environment on salinization have also been discussed. The results show that the water and salt migrate with seasonal changes in soil. The water content is low in autumn, and high in spring and summer. The salt content of the soil near the ground surface is low in autumn, and high in spring and summer, meanwhile, the salt content in the deep soil layers is low in spring and autumn, and high in summer. During both the unfrozen period and the frost-thawing periods, the soil salinization continues to enhance, and salinization eventually causes land desertification. This study can provide the theoretical basis for the protection of fragile ecological environments.