Characteristics and outcome of children with unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney disease in Upper Egypt

Abstract

Background:Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney is characterized by formation of multiple, non-communicating cysts with non-functioning renal parenchyma, and ureteral hypoplasia. It is a common kidney and urinary tract anomaly that can be detected via antenatal ultrasound examination. However, studies on this disease in Egypt are scarce. Objective of the study: was to study the characteristics and outcome of the children with unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively collected clinico-demographic, radiological and laboratory data of children with unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney at pediatric nephrology clinic of Sohag University Hospital from January 2015 till February 2023. Results: A total of 35 patients [18(51.4%) boys 17(48.6%) girls] were followed for a median duration of 14.7 months with Interquartile range (3-31) months. Multicystic dysplastic kidney was located on the right and left sides in 23(65.7%) and 12 (34.3%) children, respectively. Most cases (74%) were detected via an antenatal ultrasound examination. About 43% of patients had at least one episode of urinary tract infection. Associated urogenital abnormalities were detected in 4 (11.4%) patients; one (2.9%) of them had vesicoureteral reflux with hydronephrosis in the contralateral side. One (2.9%) patient had persistent proteinuria and impaired kidney function. Overall 22 (62.9%) patients underwent partial or complete kidney involution. Conclusion: Most patients with unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney are detected prenatally. The prognosis is generally good if the contralateral kidney is normal. Long-term follow up is essential to trace the development of proteinuria, hypertension or renal impairment.