Characteristics and performance of 10kW class all-vanadium redox-flow battery stack

Towards understanding the poor thermal stability of V5+ electrolyte solution in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

“…This neutral molecule H 3 VO 4 (or more precisely VO(OH) 3 ) is well known to exist at room temperature and at low pH (∼3.5) [14,17]. Recently, Sadoc et al [18] reported that the hydrated VO 2 + molecule is prone to deprotonation at high temperatures (500 K), resulting in the formation of VO(OH) 2 (H 2 O) 2 + and subsequently the neutral H 3 VO 4 .…”

“…Recently, Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFB) have shown great promise as an efficient large scale energy storage system for a wide range of applications including uninterruptible power supply, stabilization of wind turbine output, and hybrid photovoltaic cells [1][2][3][4]. Unlike other popular electrochemical energy storage systems (such as lithium ion batteries), VRFB store energy in electrolyte solutions rather than in electrodes.…”

Redox flow batteries for hybrid electric vehicles: Progress and challenges

“…Several RFBs are currently produced commercially including the V-RFB patented by Skyllas-Kazacos et al [35][36][37].…”

Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) reinforced sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes for vanadium redox flow battery application

“…Normally a VRB single cell includes two electrolyte tanks with VO 2 + /VO 2+ and V 3+ /V 2+ redox couples in sulfuric acid solution, two pumps and a battery cell [3][4][5][6]. The electrolyte solutions were cyclically pumped into VRB cell during charge and discharge.…”