Characteristics and Psychiatric Symptoms of Internet Gaming Disorder among Adults Using Self-Reported DSM-5 Criteria

Abstract

ObjectiveThe Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) proposed nine diagnostic criteria and five cut-point criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). We aimed to examine the efficacy of such criteria.MethodsAdults (n=3041, men: 1824, women: 1217) who engaged in internet gaming within last 6 months completed a self-report online survey using the suggested wordings of the criteria in DSM-5. Major characteristics, gaming behavior, and psychiatric symptoms of IGD were analyzed using ANOVA, chi-square, and correlation analyses.ResultsThe sociodemographic variables were not statistically significant between the healthy controls and the risk group. Among the participants, 419 (13.8%) were identified and labeled as the IGD risk group. The IGD risk group scored significantly higher on all motivation subscales (p<0.001). The IGD risk group showed significantly higher scores than healthy controls in all nine psychiatric symptom dimensions, i.e., somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism (p<0.001).ConclusionThe IGD risk group showed differential psychopathological manifestations according to DSM-5 IGD diagnostic criteria. Further studies are needed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the specific criteria, especially for developing screening instruments.

Gender Moderates the Partial Mediation of Impulsivity in the Relationship Between Psychiatric Distress and Problematic Online Gaming: Online Survey (Preprint)

“…These findings provide insight into possible mechanisms by which psychiatric distress may influence POG. The finding that POG was related to psychiatric distress supported H1 and is consistent with prior findings in POG (Ballabio et al, 2017;Kim et al, 2016;Király et al, 2015;Starcevic, Berle, Porter, & Fenech, 2011), as well as findings in other behavioral addictions (Jiménez-Murcia et al, 2017;Maraz, Urbán, Griffiths, & Demetrovics, 2015). The present findings expand upon prior ones through exploration of a role for impulsivity.…”

“…While several studies have examined links between psychiatric distress and POG (Ballabio et al, 2017;Kim et al, 2016;Király et al, 2015;van Rooij et al, 2014), the current study is the first to provide empirical evidence investigating the extent to which impulsivity and facets thereof may mediate and/or moderate this relationship in a gender-sensitive fashion. Our a priori hypotheses were partially supported in that impulsivity mediated the relationship between psychiatric distress and POG.…”

“…The BIS-21, revised from the original Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (Patton & Stanford, 1995), assesses impulsivity with 21 items comprising three components of impulsivity: self-control, impulsive behavior, and impatience (Kim et al, 2016). Participants indicated their responses on a four-point Likert scale (1 = "rarely/never", 4 = "almost always/always") to each item (e.g., "I am restless at the theater or lectures.…”

“…POG has been positively correlated with psychiatric symptom dimensions including depressed mood, loneliness, social anxiety and negative self-esteem (Ballabio et al, 2017;Kim et al, 2016;Király et al, 2015;van Rooij et al, 2014). However, previous research has focused primarily on the direct association between psychiatric distress and POG.…”

Uso y abuso de sustancias psicotrópicas e internet, psicopatología e ideación suicida en adolescentes

“…En adolescentes, la adicción a internet se asocia con el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (Gundogar, Bakim, Ozer y Karamustafalioglu, 2012;Yoo et al, 2004), con trastornos depresivos (Andreou y Svoli, 2013;Sasmaz et al, 2014), con trastornos de ansiedad (Lee y Stapinski, 2012;Zboralski et al, 2009) y con conductas suicidas (Fernández-Villa et al, 2015;Hakala, Rimpela, Saarni y Salminen, 2006;Kim, 2012;Kim et al, 2016;Shapira, Goldsmith, Keck, Khosla y McElroy, 2000).…”