Characteristics and sources of PM2.5 and reactive gases near roadways in two metropolitan areas in Canada

Da̧bek-Złotorzyńska, Ewa; Celo, Valbona; Ding, Luyi; Herod, Dennis; Jeong, Cheol–Heon; Evans, Greg J.; Hilker, Nathan

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116980

Cited by 45 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…CO emissions ranged from 399 mg CO/km on the dynamic test (Route-2) to 418 mg CO/km on the RDE-compliant test. These emissions are approximately 3.5 times higher than those measured on-road from a series of Euro 6b CNG light commercial vehicles [24]. NO x emissions were high on the two tests performed.…”

Section: On-road Emissions From the Cng Light-commercial Vehiclementioning

confidence: 64%

“…In previous studies we showed that it is possible to measure NH 3 and N 2 O emissions from heavy-duty and light-commercial vehicles during on-road operation using laboratory grade quantum cascade laser detectors (QCL-IR) and Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR) [33][34][35]. We also showed that during on-road operation a gasoline passenger car and a series of CNG light-commercial vehicles present substantial emissions of NH 3 and diesel vehicles equipped with SCR presented low NH 3 emissions [20,24]. The instruments used in these studies presented two important drawbacks: (i) the weight, as the QCL-IR and the FTIR used for the light-commercial vehicles were heavy lab-grade instruments (~200 kg) and (ii) data acquisition frequency of the lighter FTIR (approximately 40 kg) used to test the passenger cars was lower than 1 Hz (3 s).…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…NH 3 emissions from DV1 on Route-1 were highest on the urban section of the test, reaching 32 mg NH 3 /km and lowest (3 mg NH 3 /km) on the motorway section. This indicates that new diesel vehicles could become a new source of NH 3 in urban areas, which until now have been dominated by gasoline vehicles [21][22][23][24][25]. Owing to the low NH 3 emissions measured from DV2 on all tested conditions, it is assumed that, in addition to LNT and SCR, it was also equipped with an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC).…”

Section: On-road Emissions From the Diesel Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, deposition of ammonium species may lead to eutrophication of waters and acidification of soils with negative effects on nitrogen-containing ecosystems [17][18][19]. Moreover, NH 3 enhances particle nucleation by several orders of magnitude, increasing the number of potential cloud condensation nuclei which affects climate [20].Recent studies have indicated that transport is the main source of NH 3 in some urban areas worldwide [21][22][23][24][25]. NH 3 emissions have been linked to rich combustion operation of gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vehicles equipped with TWC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have indicated that transport is the main source of NH 3 in some urban areas worldwide [21][22][23][24][25]. NH 3 emissions have been linked to rich combustion operation of gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vehicles equipped with TWC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulated and Non-Regulated Emissions from Euro 6 Diesel, Gasoline and CNG Vehicles under Real-World Driving Conditions

et al. 2020

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The transport sector is one of the main sources air pollutants. Different exhaust after-treatment systems have been implemented over the years to control the emissions of criteria pollutants. However, while reducing the emissions of the target compounds these systems can lead to the emissions of other pollutants and/or greenhouse gases such as NH 3 or N 2 O. Following the implementation of the Real Driving Emissions (RDE) test procedure in the EU, vehicles have been equipped with more complex after-treatment configurations. The impact that these technologies may have on the emissions of non-regulated pollutants during real-world driving have not been evaluated until now. In the current study we present the on-road emissions of a series of non-regulated pollutants, including NH 3 , N 2 O, CH 4 and HCHO, measured with a portable FTIR from a series of Euro 6d, Euro 6c and Euro 6d-TEMP, gasoline diesel and compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles during real-world testing. The obtained results show that it is possible to measure N 2 O, NH 3 , CH 4 and HCHO during on-road operation. The results also highlight the importance of the measurement of the emissions of these pollutants during real-world driving, as the emissions of NH 3 (a particulate matter precursor) and those of N 2 O and CH 4 (green-house gases) can be high from some vehicle technologies. NH 3 emissions were up to 49 mg/km for gasoline passenger cars, up to 69 mg/km for the CNG light-commercial vehicle and up to 17 mg/km a diesel passenger car equipped with a selective catalytic reduction system (SCR). On the other hand, N 2 O and CH 4 emissions accounted for up to 9.8 g CO 2 eqv/km for a diesel passenger car equipped with a combination of diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC), lean NO x traps (LNT), SCR and possibly an ammonia slip catalyst ASC.Atmosphere 2020, 11, 204 2 of 18 organic compounds (NMVOCs) and CH 4 are the main precursors of ground-level (tropospheric) O 3 . Aiming at improving Europe's air quality, policy actions have increasingly been taken to address transport-related air pollution. At European Union (EU) level, this has included the regulation of emissions by setting emission standards (Euro 1 to Euro 6) or by setting requirements for fuel quality.To meet these standards, passenger cars have been equipped with different emission control systems. Thus, three-way catalytic converters (TWC) are commonly used to reduce the emissions of CO, hydrocarbons (HC) and NO x from gasoline cars. In the case of diesel cars, CO and HC emissions are reduced using diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC), and NO x emissions using selective catalytic reduction systems (SCR), lean NO x traps (LNT) or a combination of both. While reducing the emissions of the target compounds these systems can lead to the emissions of other pollutants that are not currently regulated for the passenger cars in the EU. The emitted pollutants include NH 3 [2,3] and N 2 O. In fact, several laboratory-based studies have indicated that vehicle emissions of NH 3 and N 2 O are linked to the use o...

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Section: On-road Emissions From the Cng Light-commercial Vehiclementioning

confidence: 64%

mentioning

confidence: 81%