Characteristics and sources of WSI in North China Plain: A simultaneous measurement at the summit and foot of Mount Tai

Cui, Yi; Yin, Yan; Chen, Kui; Zhang, Xin; Kuang, Xiang; Jiang, Hui; Wang, Honglei; Zhen, Zhongxiu; He, Chuan

doi:10.1016/j.jes.2020.02.017

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Consistent phenomenon was also observed at the summit of Mt. Tai by previous studies (Cui et al., 2020; Gao et al., 2005; Ren et al., 2009). The increase lasted to the evening and then the concentrations of O 3 and H 2 O 2 remained nearly constant during the night.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Atmospheric Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂) at the Foot and Summit of Mt. Tai: Variations, Sources and Sinks, and Implications for Ozone Formation Chemistry

Xue

Zhang

et al. 2021

JGR Atmospheres

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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as a terminal sink for atmospheric HOx radicals (OH and HO2), playing a key role in tropospheric O3 formation. However, there are few field measurements of atmospheric H2O2 to assess its role in O3 formation, especially for the seriously polluted region of the North China Plain. In this study, H2O2 concentrations were measured at the foot of Mt. Tai from May to July 2018 and the summit of Mt. Tai from May to June 2019, with average values of 0.93 ± 1.01 and 2.05 ± 1.20 ppb, respectively. H2O2 exhibited a pronounced diurnal variation with a noon‐peak at the foot of Mt. Tai, which could be well reproduced by a gas‐phase box model with H2O2 dry deposition velocity of 3 cm s−1 included, indicating H2O2 was mainly photochemically produced. Modeling analysis showed H2O2 production at the foot was most sensitive to alkenes and aromatics, while the source and sink for H2O2 were dominated by HO2 recombination and dry deposition, respectively. Compared with the summer‐measurement in 2007, the remarkable elevation of H2O2 at the summit might be ascribed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) increase and SO2 decline. Both H2O2‐O3 correlation and H2O2/NOz ratio suggested O3 formation at the foot of Mt. Tai was mainly VOC‐sensitive in the early morning and shifted to NOx‐sensitive thereafter. Therefore, reduction of VOCs emission especially for the reactive species of alkenes and aromatics in the morning as well as NOx emission around noontime will be effective for mitigating the serious O3 (as well as H2O2) pollution in Tai'an city.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Atmospheric Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂) at the Foot and Summit of Mt. Tai: Variations, Sources and Sinks, and Implications for Ozone Formation Chemistry

Xue

Zhang

et al. 2021

JGR Atmospheres

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“…S2c) which is one of the most populous and polluted regions in China (Hu et al, 2014;Cui et al, 2020). Our pH results in this region are consistent with those of other studies (ranging from 3.5 to 4.6) (Liu et al, 2017;Ding et al, 2019;Ge et al, 2019). The distribution of sampling sites in the USA, on the other hand, is more evenly distributed spatially.…”

Section: The Ph Difference Based On Observationssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Studies in China, on the other hand, have found generally higher aerosol pH. Several studies in the heavily polluted North China Plain (NCP) region reported average pH of 3.5-5.2 (Shi et al, 2017(Shi et al, , 2019Ding et al, 2019;Song et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2020). Xi'an, a city in northwest China, had aerosol pH values of up to 5 (Wang et al, 2016;Guo et al, 2017b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant contrasts in aerosol acidity between China and the United States

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Aerosol acidity governs several key processes in aerosol physics and chemistry, thus affecting aerosol mass and composition and ultimately climate and human health. Previous studies have reported aerosol pH values separately in China and the United States (USA), implying different aerosol acidity between these two countries. However, there is debate about whether mass concentration or chemical composition is the more important driver of differences in aerosol acidity. A full picture of the pH difference and the underlying mechanisms responsible is hindered by the scarcity of simultaneous measurements of particle composition and gaseous species, especially in China. Here we conduct a comprehensive assessment of aerosol acidity in China and the USA using extended ground-level measurements and regional chemical transport model simulations. We show that aerosols in China are significantly less acidic than in the USA, with pH values 1–2 units higher. Based on a proposed multivariable Taylor series method and a series of sensitivity tests, we identify major factors leading to the pH difference. Compared to the USA, China has much higher aerosol mass concentrations (gas + particle, by a factor of 8.4 on average) and a higher fraction of total ammonia (gas + particle) in the aerosol composition. Our assessment shows that the differences in mass concentrations and chemical composition play equally important roles in driving the aerosol pH difference between China and the USA – increasing the aerosol mass concentrations (by a factor of 8.4) but keeping the relative component contributions the same in the USA as the level in China increases the aerosol pH by ∼ 1.0 units and further shifting the chemical composition from US conditions to China's that are richer in ammonia increases the aerosol pH by ∼ 0.9 units. Therefore, China being both more polluted than the USA and richer in ammonia explains the aerosol pH difference. The difference in aerosol acidity highlighted in the present study implies potential differences in formation mechanisms, physicochemical properties, and toxicity of aerosol particles in these two countries.

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“…2− [53][54][55]; the other source of this factor contributed 1% of PM 2.5 concentration, and is related to the K + that is a biomass-burning tracer with the associated ion Na + [56]. Factor 3 contributed 12% of PM 2.5 mass and is high in Cl − derived from coal combustion, which plays an important role in this ion's formation, and is used in industrial activities where SO 2 and NO 2 gasses are emitted [14,57].…”

Section: Positive Matrix Factorization Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factor 3 contributed 12% of PM 2.5 mass and is high in Cl − derived from coal combustion, which plays an important role in this ion's formation, and is used in industrial activities where SO 2 and NO 2 gasses are emitted [14,57]. second factor is related also to two sources, one of them being the secondary inorganic aerosols, accounting for 25% of PM2.5 concentration, characterized by high NH4 + , NO3 − , and SO4 2− [53][54][55]; the other source of this factor contributed 1% of PM2.5 concentration, and is related to the K + that is a biomass-burning tracer with the associated ion Na + [56]. Factor 3 contributed 12% of PM2.5 mass and is high in Cl − derived from coal combustion, which plays an important role in this ion's formation, and is used in industrial activities where SO2 and NO2 gasses are emitted [14,57].…”

Section: Positive Matrix Factorization Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Variation and Potential Sources of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in PM2.5 in Two Sites of Mexico City

Millán-Vázquez,

Sosa-Echevería,

Alarcón-Jiménez

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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This study presents the characterization and source apportionment of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSII), contained in particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), performed using the positive matrix factorization model (PMF). PM2.5 were collected in Mexico City from two sites: at Merced (MER), which is a residential location with commercial activities, and at Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), which is located in an industrial area. The monitoring campaign was carried out across three seasons named Hot Dry (HD) (March–June), Rain (RA) (July–October), and Cold Dry (CD) (November-February). PM2.5 concentration behavior in both sites was similar, following the order: CD > HD > RA. The UAM site exhibited higher concentrations of PM2.5, of the five cations (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+ and NH4+), and of the four anions (Cl−, SO42−, NO3− and PO43−) than MER, since the UAM site is surrounded by several industrial zones. PM2.5 average concentrations for UAM and MER were 28.4 ± 11.2 and 20.7 ± 8.4 μg m−3, respectively. The ratio of cation equivalent to anion equivalent (CE/AC) showed that aerosol pH is acidic, which was confirmed by direct pH measurements. The sulfur oxidation rate (SOR) was 20 times larger than the nitrogen oxidation rate (NOR). Additionally, SO42− was the most abundant ion during the whole year, especially during the CD season with 5.13 ± 2.5 μg m−3 and 4.9 ± 3.6 μg m−3 for UAM and MER, respectively, when solar radiation displayed a high intensity. On the opposite side, the conversion of NO2 to NO3−, respectively, was low. The air mass backward trajectories were modeled using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA-HYSPLIT), which allowed us to know that differences in the mass trajectories during the days with higher concentrations were due to an effect of air recirculation, which favored PM2.5 accumulation and resuspension. On the other hand, on the days with less PM2.5, good air dispersion was observed. The main sources identified with the PMF model were secondary aerosol, vehicular, industrial crustal, and biomass burning for UAM, while for MER they were vehicular, secondary aerosol, and crustal.

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Characteristics and sources of WSI in North China Plain: A simultaneous measurement at the summit and foot of Mount Tai

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

Atmospheric Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂) at the Foot and Summit of Mt. Tai: Variations, Sources and Sinks, and Implications for Ozone Formation Chemistry

Atmospheric Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂) at the Foot and Summit of Mt. Tai: Variations, Sources and Sinks, and Implications for Ozone Formation Chemistry

Significant contrasts in aerosol acidity between China and the United States

Temporal Variation and Potential Sources of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in PM2.5 in Two Sites of Mexico City

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Characteristics and sources of WSI in North China Plain: A simultaneous measurement at the summit and foot of Mount Tai

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

Atmospheric Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) at the Foot and Summit of Mt. Tai: Variations, Sources and Sinks, and Implications for Ozone Formation Chemistry

Atmospheric Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) at the Foot and Summit of Mt. Tai: Variations, Sources and Sinks, and Implications for Ozone Formation Chemistry

Significant contrasts in aerosol acidity between China and the United States

Temporal Variation and Potential Sources of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in PM2.5 in Two Sites of Mexico City

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Atmospheric Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂) at the Foot and Summit of Mt. Tai: Variations, Sources and Sinks, and Implications for Ozone Formation Chemistry

Atmospheric Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂) at the Foot and Summit of Mt. Tai: Variations, Sources and Sinks, and Implications for Ozone Formation Chemistry