2018
DOI: 10.3390/pr6100173
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Characteristics and Treatment Methods of Medical Waste Incinerator Fly Ash: A Review

Abstract: Medical waste incinerator fly ash (MWIFA) is quite different from municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash (MSWIFA) due to its special characteristics of high levels of chlorines, dioxins, carbon constituents, and heavy metals, which may cause irreversible harm to environment and human beings if managed improperly. However, treatment of MWIFA has rarely been specifically mentioned. In this review, various treatment techniques for MSWIFA, and their merits, demerits, applicability, and limitations for MWIFA are… Show more

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Cited by 47 publications
(17 citation statements)
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References 160 publications
(201 reference statements)
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“…This led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to implement stringent emission standards for medical waste incinerators under the Hospital Medical Infectious Waste Incinerator standards, which took more than a decade for the government to effectively enforce and was approved in May 2013 (EPA, 2020d). However, incinerators are still the main treatment method for medical waste in most countries with transitional economies, where more than 90% of the medical waste goes to open landfills or is incinerated without the abatement devices that capture pollutants such as dioxins and heavy metals after the burning of the waste (Liu et al, 2018). Autoclaving, a heat-based, safe, and efficient treatment process is the second most popular method for medical waste treatment; however, its use is still limited to very few countries because of its economic feasibility and the appearance of the treated waste (WHO, 2020b;Ferdowsi et al, 2013).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to implement stringent emission standards for medical waste incinerators under the Hospital Medical Infectious Waste Incinerator standards, which took more than a decade for the government to effectively enforce and was approved in May 2013 (EPA, 2020d). However, incinerators are still the main treatment method for medical waste in most countries with transitional economies, where more than 90% of the medical waste goes to open landfills or is incinerated without the abatement devices that capture pollutants such as dioxins and heavy metals after the burning of the waste (Liu et al, 2018). Autoclaving, a heat-based, safe, and efficient treatment process is the second most popular method for medical waste treatment; however, its use is still limited to very few countries because of its economic feasibility and the appearance of the treated waste (WHO, 2020b;Ferdowsi et al, 2013).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It means that a narrow gap exists regarding the full understanding of the combustion behavior inside incinerators [24,25]. More specifically, when pandemic dieses endanger human beings, the knowledge of incineration is of importance to deal with reducing the landfilling of the untreated medical wastes [26,27].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…В настоящее время основным нормативным документом в области обращения с медицинскими отходами является СанПиН 2 .1 .7 .2790-10 «Санитарно-эпидемиологические требования к обращению с медицинскими отходами» 2 . Медицинские отходы, в зависимости от степени их эпидемиологической, токсикологической и радиационной опасности, а также негативного воздействия на среду обитания, подразделяются на пять классов опасности: класс А -эпидемиологически безопасные отходы, приближенные по составу к ТКО, класс Б -эпидемиологически опасные отходы, класс В -чрезвычай- 1 В настоящее время нет универсальных методов обезвреживания и утилизации медицинских отходов [6,12,14] . Всемирной организацией здравоохранения (ВОЗ) рекомендовано во всех государствах создавать специализированные службы по утилизации медицинских отходов с учётом национальных особенностей системы здравоохранения и экономики .…”
Section: Introductionunclassified