Characteristics and Treatment of Wastewater from the Mercaptan Oxidation Process: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Sulfur compounds are removed from petroleum by the addition of sodium hydroxide at a very high concentration. As a result, a residue called spent soda or spent caustic is generated, being extremely aggressive to the environment. In this work, the chemical properties of this residue are described in detail. The sodium hydroxide remains that have not reacted, sulfur compounds, and organic matter are the primary pollutants reported. Additionally, the main characteristics of the methods of treatment used to reduce them are described. This review comes from comprehensive and updated research and bibliographic analysis about the investigation on the topic. The advantages and disadvantages of the different treatment methods are highlighted. We established some criteria to set out when assessing the application of each one of these treatments is considered.

Optimization of the Caustic Treatment of Jet-Fuel to Reduce the Consumption of Caustic Soda in an Oil Refinery

“…The Jet-Fuel produced at this refinery contains mainly hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), light mercaptans (R-SH) and naphthenic acids (RCOOH). The reactions that occur in this process are, [4]:…”

Synthetic Organic Compounds From Paper Industry Wastes: Integrated Biotechnological Interventions

“…The emission of harmful chemicals and gases i.e., sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide will cause acid rain as they are water-soluble and reaches the water bodies indirectly ( Gupta and Shukla, 2020 ). Metlymercaptans, hydrogen sulfides, and dimethyl sulfides along with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) lead to air and water pollution ( Singh and Chandra, 2019 ; Pino-Cortés et al, 2020 ). The trials for pollution prevention are in continuous use by industries (by use of alternative bleaching agents), environmentalist (by releasing norms) as well as by consumers (by recycling waste and use of sedimentation tanks).…”

“…Mercaptans Pulping stage Singh and Chandra, 2019 14. Sodium hydroxide Bleaching and washing stage Yehia et al, 2018;Perzon et al, 2020 and dimethyl sulfides along with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) lead to air and water pollution (Singh and Chandra, 2019;Pino-Cortés et al, 2020). The trials for pollution prevention are in continuous use by industries (by use of alternative bleaching agents), environmentalist (by releasing norms) as well as by consumers (by recycling waste and use of sedimentation tanks).…”

Advanced Bioremediation Technologies and Processes for the Treatment of Synthetic Organic Compounds (SOCs)

“…The emission of harmful chemicals and gases i.e., sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide will cause acid rain as they are water-soluble and reaches the water bodies indirectly (Gupta and Shukla, 2020). Metlymercaptans, hydrogen sulfides, and dimethyl sulfides along with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) lead to air and water pollution (Singh and Chandra, 2019;Pino-Cortés et al, 2020). The trials for pollution prevention are in continuous use by industries (by use of alternative bleaching agents), environmentalist (by releasing norms) as well as by consumers (by recycling waste and use of sedimentation tanks).…”