Characteristics, circumstances and toxicology of sudden or unnatural deaths involving very high-range alcohol concentrations

Darke, Shane; Duflou, Johan; Torok, Michelle; Prolov, Tatiania

doi:10.1111/add.12191

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Consistent with the epidemiological evidence, alcohol is, by far, the most common drug detected among homicide victims, seen in 40–50% of the cases . Having this in mind, we expected a greater proportion of homicide victims among the subjects positive for alcohol; in a similar study , the percentage of homicide victims who had a BAC higher than 0.3 g/dL was almost the same as in our sample (6.8%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Unnatural and Violent Death in Cases with High Blood Alcohol Concentration— Autopsy Study

Cvetković

Živković

Lukić

et al. 2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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The use of alcohol increases the risk of dying from unnatural or violent causes. The presented study explored the distribution of age, gender, cause, and circumstances of death in persons who died in an unnatural and violent manner, with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) higher than 0.3 g/dL, and where the cause of death was not alcohol intoxication. We defined the control (0 < BAC < 0.3 g/dL) and study (BAC ≥ 0.3 g/dL) groups, as in subjects with these concentrations, there is a significant risk of gross intoxication, stupor, and death. The subjects from the study group were older, with no difference in gender distribution. Traffic accidents were the most common fatal event in both groups, followed by suicides. Other accidents (choking on food and exposure to fire) were more frequent in the study group. Compared to the control group, subjects from the study group were older persons whose deaths were mainly accidental.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Unnatural and Violent Death in Cases with High Blood Alcohol Concentration— Autopsy Study

Cvetković

Živković

Lukić

et al. 2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…Moreover, alcohol intoxication, also named drunkenness or inebriation, is generally a physiological state induced by the ingestion of alcohol that is mainly associated with many deleterious outcomes like unintentional injuries, unconscious suicide, violence, and sudden cardiac death [2]. Acute alcohol intoxication indicates a dangerously high concentration of alcohol in the blood which may cause coma, respiratory depression, or even death [3]. In clinical practice, it has been discovered that acute alcohol intoxication can damage the neuronal membrane, weaken the function of the central nervous system and slow down brain activity by activating inhibitory neurons and inhibiting activated neurons [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Identification of gene expression profile in the rat brain resulting from acute alcohol intoxication

Kong

Yang

et al. 2014

Mol Biol Rep

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This study aimed to identify gene expression profile in the rat brain resulting from acute alcohol intoxication (AAI). Eighteen SD rats were divided into the alcohol-treated group (n = 9) and saline control group (n = 9). Periorbital blood samples were taken to determine their blood alcohol content by gas chromatography. Tissue sections were analyzed by H and E staining and biochemical assays. Real-time reverse transcription PCR was used to validate microarray data. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS18.0 software (Version 18.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). H and E staining demonstrated that alcohol-treated rats showed no obvious pathological changes in nerve cells compared with those in the control group. Biochemical tests revealed that alcohol-treated rats had lower superoxide dismutase activity than those in the control group (167.3 ± 10.3 U/mg vs. 189.2 ± 5.9 U/mg, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the malondialdehyde levels in alcohol-treated rats were higher than those in the control group (3.48 ± 0.24 mmol/mg vs. 2.51 ± 0.23 mmol/mg, P < 0.05). Microarray data presented 366 up-regulated genes and 300 down-regulated genes in the AAI rat brain. Gene ontology analysis identified 31 genes up-regulated and 39 down-regulated among all differentially expressed genes. Twenty-four pathways showed significant differences, including 12 pathways involved with up-regulated genes and 12 pathways involved with down-regulated genes. Selected genes showed significantly different expression in both alcohol-treated and control groups (P < 0.05). Gene expression analysis enabled clustering of alcohol intoxication-related genes by function. These genes expression may be potential targets for treatment or drug screening for acute alcohol intoxication.

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“…38,39 In terms of morphology, hepatic cirrhosis or even death can result from macrovesicular steatosis, Mallory-Denk bodies (MDB), megamitochondria, occlusive lesions of terminal hepatic venules, and pericellular fibrosis. 40 Studies show that MDBs occur in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in 65% and 51% of patients with alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine Attenuates Hepatic Inflammation in Chronic Alcohol-Fed Rats Through Inhibition of TLR4/MyD88 Signaling

Lin

Chiu

Chen

et al. 2015

Journal of Medicinal Food

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Accumulating evidence indicates that overconsumption of ethanol contributes in many ways to the pathogenesis of hepatic injury. Although studies indicate that taurine decreases lipogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines, the protective effect of taurine against alcohol-induced liver injury is still unclear. To clarify the precise signaling involved in the beneficial effect of taurine on alcohol-induced liver injury, rats were randomly divided into four treatment groups: (1) control (Ctl), (2) alcohol (Alc), (3) Alc + taurine (Tau), and (4) Alc + silymarin (Sil). The Tau and Sil groups had lower lymphocyte infiltration and significantly lower TLR-4/MyD88 and IjB/NFjB compared to the Alc group. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factors (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1b were also significantly lower in the Tau and Sil groups than in the Alc group. The experimental results indicated that hepatoprotection against alcohol-induced inflammation may be mediated by decreased TLR-4/MyD88 signaling.

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Characteristics, circumstances and toxicology of sudden or unnatural deaths involving very high-range alcohol concentrations

Abstract: Unnatural deaths with very high-range alcohol concentrations extend well beyond direct toxicity, and alcohol is causal in most cases. Those at greatest risk are middle-aged males, with long histories of alcohol problems.

Cited by 29 publications

References 40 publications

Unnatural and Violent Death in Cases with High Blood Alcohol Concentration— Autopsy Study

Unnatural and Violent Death in Cases with High Blood Alcohol Concentration— Autopsy Study

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Identification of gene expression profile in the rat brain resulting from acute alcohol intoxication

Taurine Attenuates Hepatic Inflammation in Chronic Alcohol-Fed Rats Through Inhibition of TLR4/MyD88 Signaling

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