Characteristics of a fluidized bed electrode for a direct carbon fuel cell anode

Zhang, Jubing; Zhong, Zhaoping; Xiao, Jianmin; Fu, Zongming; Zhang, Huiyan; Zhao, Jinxiao; Li, Weiling; Yang, Min

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.130

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Reproduced from refs. [41,95,96,98,99] The above equations also indicate that P CO 2 could influence the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of the cell, as shown in Eq. ( 4) [41].…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Review of molten carbonate-based direct carbon fuel cells

Cui

Gong

et al. 2021

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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Direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is a promising technology with high energy efficiency and abundant fuel. To date, a variety of DCFC configurations have been investigated, with molten hydroxide, molten carbonate or oxides being used as the electrolyte. Recently, there has been particular interest in DCFC with molten carbonate involved. The molten carbonate is either an electrolyte or a catalyst in different cell structures. In this review, we consider carbonate as the clue to discuss the function of carbonate in DCFCs, and start the paper by outlining the developments in terms of molten carbonate (MC)-based DCFC and its electrochemical oxidation processes. Thereafter, the composite electrolyte merging solid carbonate and mixed ionic–electronic conductors (MIEC) are discussed. Hybrid DCFC (HDCFCs ) combining molten carbonate and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) are also touched on. The primary function of carbonate (i.e., facilitating ion transfer and expanding the triple-phase boundaries) in these systems, is then discussed in detail. Finally, some issues are identified and a future outlook outlined, including a corrosion attack of cell components, reactions using inorganic salt from fuel ash, and wetting with carbon fuels.

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“…Reproduced from refs. [41,95,96,98,99] The above equations also indicate that P CO 2 could influence the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of the cell, as shown in Eq. ( 4) [41].…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In an effort to extend the formation zone of TPBs, a fluidized bed cell with a three-dimensional (3D) electrode was adopted by Gür and Huggins [100]. Zhang et al [98,101] showed another one with a self-designed fluidized bed electrode anode, as shown in Fig. 2d.…”

Section: Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of molten carbonate-based direct carbon fuel cells

Cui

Gong

et al. 2021

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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“…54 Some indirect methods are applied to increase the changes of carbon in contact with the solid electrode. Two physical approaches are applied, including a fluidised bed (Figure 5c) [55][56][57][58] and some in situ/external gasification ( Figure 5d) 59,60 . Solid carbon is used directly as the anode (shown in Figure 5e).…”

Section: Redox Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in developing direct carbon fuel cells

et al. 2017

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A direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) can produce electricity with both superior electrical efficiency and fuel utilisation compared to all other types of fuel cells. Although the first DCFC prototype was proposed in 1896, there was, until the 1970s, little sustained effort to investigate further, because of technology development issues. Interest in DCFCs has recently been reinvigorated as a possible method of replacing conventional coal-fired power plants to meet the demands for lower CO emissions, and indeed for efficient utilisation of waste derived chars. In this article, recent developments in direct carbon conversion are reviewed, with the principal emphasis on the materials involved. The development of electrolytes, anodes and cathodes as well as fuel sources is examined. The activity and chemical stability of the anode materials are a critical concern addressed in the development of new materials. Redox media of molten carbonate or molten metal facilitating the transportation of ions offer promising possibilities for carbon oxidation. The suitability of different carbon fuels in various DCFC systems, in terms of crystal structure, surface properties, impurities and particle size, is also discussed. We explore the influence of a variety of parameters on the electrochemical performance of DCFCs, with regard to their open circuit voltage, power output and lifetime. The challenges faced in developing DCFCs are summarised, and potential prospects of the system are outlined.

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“…Nickel based current collector was used to transfer the charge as a result of anodic reaction. It was found that utilizing graphite produced limiting current density of 800 A/m 2 for anodic over-potentials of 0.3 V [53]. Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell are considered superior because of they offer high electric energy conversion and relatively low operating temperature [38], [42], [44], [54].…”

Section: Molten Carbonate Fuel Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Carbon Fuel Cell-Cleaner and Efficient Future Power Generation Technology

Ibrahim

Ayub

2019

Adv. J. Grad. Res.

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Increasing greenhouse effect due to the burning of fossil fuels has stirred the attention of researchers towards cleaner and efficient technologies. Direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is one such emerging technology that could generate electricity from solid carbon like coal and biogas in a more efficient and environmental-friendly way. The mechanism involves electrochemical oxidation of carbon to produce energy and highly pure carbon dioxide. Due to higher purity, the produced carbon dioxide can be captured easily to avoid its release in the environment. The carbon dioxide is produced in a gaseous state while the fuel used is in a solid state. Due to different phases, all of the fuel can be recovered from the cell and can be reused, ensuring complete (100%) fuel utilization with no fuel losses. Moreover, DCFC operates at a temperature lower than conventional fuel cells. The electric efficiency of a DCFC is around 80% which is nearly double the efficiency of coal thermal plant. In addition, DCFC produces pure carbon dioxide as compared to the thermal power plant which reduces the cost of CO2 separation and dumping. In different types of DCFCs, molten carbon fuel cell is considered to be superior due to its low operating temperature and high efficiency. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the direct carbon fuel cell technology and recent advances in this field. The paper is focused on the fundamentals of fuel cell, history, operating principle, its types, applications, future challenges, and development.

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Characteristics of a fluidized bed electrode for a direct carbon fuel cell anode

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Review of molten carbonate-based direct carbon fuel cells

Review of molten carbonate-based direct carbon fuel cells

Challenges in developing direct carbon fuel cells

Direct Carbon Fuel Cell-Cleaner and Efficient Future Power Generation Technology

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