Characteristics of a MHD power generator using a low-melting-point Gallium alloy

Niu, Xiaodong; Yamaguchi, Hiroshi; Ye, Xiao-Jiang; Iwamoto, Yuhiro

doi:10.1007/s00202-012-0275-1

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…During the arcing process, the energy is consumed by vaporizing a large amount of surrounding liquid and exchanging heat [8,9]. At present, GaInSn liquid metal is mainly focused on magnetohydrodynamic power generation [10][11][12][13], current limiters [14], and other aspects in the field of strong electricity. In magneto-fluidic power generation, and liquid metal is a good conductor that can flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In magneto-fluidic power generation, and liquid metal is a good conductor that can flow. The magnetic fluid power generation of liquid metal is achieved by the mutual motion of liquid metal and magnetic field, which drives the kinetic energy of liquid metal to be converted into electrical energy [10]. Yamaguchi et al proposed a low melting point, high conductivity GaInSn liquid metal alloy as the power generation working fluid for a magnetic fluid power generator [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The energy dissipation topology and characteristics of GaInSn liquid metal and ZnO resistors based on high-voltage DC circuit breakers

Gao,

Ma,

Dong

et al. 2023

Phys. Scr.

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High voltage direct current (HVDC) circuit breakers play a very crucial role in HVDC transmission systems. Energy dissipation circuit branches are the main part of the HVDC breaker. The volume and size of energy dissipation branches are the bottlenecks of the HVDC breaker, and the existing energy dissipation schemes can not meet the lightweight requirements. In this work, a combined energy dissipation scheme based on gallium indium tin (GaInSn) liquid metal and ZnO resistors is proposed for the energy dissipation branch of a circuit breaker. Firstly, the self-shrinking of GaInSn liquid metal mechanism is analyzed and the energy dissipation characteristics at different stages are investigated. The variation patterns of short circuit current, arc voltage, resistance and other parameters in the process of liquid metal arcing and energy dissipation are obtained. Secondly, the circuit model of liquid metal in arcing and energy dissipation process is established. The equivalent nonlinear time-varying conductance of the arcing process of the liquid metal dissipative element is simulated by combining the volt-ampere characteristic curves of the liquid metal dissipative module. Finally, the topology of energy dissipation circuit branches combined by GaInSn liquid metal and ZnO resistors is proposed. At the same time, the HVDC breaker model combined by a hybrid DC circuit breaker and energy dissipation circuit branches is constructed. The energy dissipation ratio and distribution law of GaInSn liquid metal and ZnO resistors in the composite type of circuit breaker are verified. The composite dissipation improves the overall energy dissipation density of the circuit breaker compared to the conventional ZnO resistors energy dissipation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The energy dissipation topology and characteristics of GaInSn liquid metal and ZnO resistors based on high-voltage DC circuit breakers

Gao,

Ma,

Dong

et al. 2023

Phys. Scr.

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show abstract

“…Liquid metals have great thermal conductivities, which can increase heat transfer (Yang and Liu, 2018). Due to their high electrical conductivity, Liquid metals are proper working fluids in MHD generators (Yamada et al , 2006; Niu et al , 2014; Teimouri and Behzadmehr, 2019). However, the low Prandtl numbers of the liquid metals may lead to oscillatory flow in natural convection problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of magnetic field on the liquid gallium thermosyphon fluid flow; a numerical study

Teimouri

Behzadmehr

2019

HFF

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Purpose This paper aims to numerically study the laminar natural convection in a thermosyphon filled with liquid gallium exposed to a constant magnetic field. The left wall of the thermosyphon is at an uniformed hot temperature, whereas the right wall is at a uniform cold temperature. The top and bottom walls are considered to be adiabatic. All walls are electrically insulated. The effects of Hartmann number, in a wide range of Rayleigh number and aspect ratio combinations, on the natural convection throughout the thermosyphon, are investigated and discussed. Furthermore, different forces that influence the natural flow structure are studied. Design/methodology/approach A Fortran code is developed based on the finite volume method to solve the two-dimensional unsteady governing equations. Findings Imposing a magnetic field improves the stability of the fluid flow and thus reduces the Nusselt number. For a given Hartmann and Rayleigh number, there is an optimum aspect ratio for which the average velocity becomes maximum. Research limitations/implications This paper is a two-dimensional investigation. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the effect of the magnetic field on natural convection of liquid gallium in the considered thermosyphon has not been studied numerically in detail. The results of this paper would be helpful in considering the application of the low Prandtl number’s liquid metals in thermosyphon MHD generators and certain cooling devices.

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“…Flow features and/or performance of liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic (LM-MHD) generators is an important subject to both pure and applied physics. Over time, it has been approached experimentally Ishikawa et al (1996), Nomura (1988), Intani et al (2010), Kobayashi et al (2011), Liu et al (2011), Shionoya et al (2011), Liu et al (2014), Niu et al (2014), numerically for the steady situation Yamada et al (2007), Yamada et al (2006), analytically Jackson (1963), Ibáñez et al (2002), Vogin et al (2007), and in combinations of the previous Satyamurthy et al (1999), Danilyan et al (2005), Yamaguchi et al (2011). Analytical approaches for the LM-MHD generator are generally difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Characterization of a Liquid Metal Magnetohydrodynamic Alternate Generator in the Laminar-Regime under Inductionless Approximation

Sierra

Isaza

Paz

et al. 2019

JAFM

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The performance characterization of a liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic alternate generator is numerically investigated via its electric isotropic efficiency. The model consists of a harmonically driven liquid metal oscillatory flow confined to a thin-walled closed rectangular duct interacting with a uniform magnetic field transverse to its motion and attached to a load resistance. Spectral collocation method is used to solve the properly boundary-conditioned Navier-Stokes equation under inductionless approximation for the magnetic field with implementation of gradient formulation for the electric field. Flow is considered fully developed in the direction perpendicular to the applied uniform magnetic field (i.e., motion direction), incompressible, viscous, and laminar in regime. Currently, there are neither purely analytical or experimental results on this problem, but ours were cross-referenced with those from a one-dimensional analytical model as close as possible to it, finding reasonable correspondence. Dimensional estimates on the power production of prospective mesoscale devices having in mind household application are provided for different liquid metals as well.

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Characteristics of a MHD power generator using a low-melting-point Gallium alloy

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

The energy dissipation topology and characteristics of GaInSn liquid metal and ZnO resistors based on high-voltage DC circuit breakers

The energy dissipation topology and characteristics of GaInSn liquid metal and ZnO resistors based on high-voltage DC circuit breakers

Effects of magnetic field on the liquid gallium thermosyphon fluid flow; a numerical study

Numerical Characterization of a Liquid Metal Magnetohydrodynamic Alternate Generator in the Laminar-Regime under Inductionless Approximation

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