Characteristics of alkali-resistant Ni/MgAl2O4 catalyst for direct internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell

Theoretical predictions vs. experimental measurements of the electrical conductivity of molten Li2CO3–K2CO3 modified by additives

“…It is well-known that this dissolution increases with the oxoacidity of the carbonate melt and decreases in relatively oxobasic media [2]. Moreover, the alkali electrolyte can deactivate the catalyst for internal reforming [3,4]. Among the solutions to overcome the degradation problem and to maintain the cell performance is the control of the electrolyte oxoacidity by adding a few percent of cations favouring the basicity, such as alkali earth, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba [5e11].…”

Preparation of core (Ni base)–shell (Silicalite-1) catalysts and their application for alkali resistance in direct internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell

“…This can be prevented by separating the catalyst and the anode chamber with ceramic barriers [9,10] and metal foils [11]. There are also significant efforts in developing alkali-resistant catalysts including Ru/ZrO 2 [12] and Ni catalysts supported on alkali-resistant ␥-LiAlO 2 [13], MgO-TiO 2 [14] and MgO-Al 2 O 3 [15]. A nonuniform catalyst distribution can also ameliorate the effects of poisons by locating the catalysts in an interior location of the pellet [16][17][18][19].…”

The effect of precipitants on Ni-Al2O3 catalysts prepared by a co-precipitation method for internal reforming in molten carbonate fuel cells

“…Molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs), which use a molten carbonate electrolyte (K 2 CO 3 /Li 2 CO 3 ), exhibit a higher efficiency than other types of fuel cells [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] . MCFCs are classified according to how the hydrogen is supplied to the stack system: external reforming (ER-MCFC), direct internal reforming (DIR-MCFC), and indirect internal reforming (IIR-MCFC) [7] , [10] , [11] .…”

“…In DIR-MCFCs, the steam reforming of methane and the electrochemical reaction occur simultaneously in the anode of the stack cell. The reforming reaction is endothermic; thus, the steam reforming within the stack cell is sustained by the heat released from the electrochemical reaction [9] , [10] , [11] . Methane steam-reforming systems are typically operated at 700 to 800 °C; however, the internal reforming reaction in molten carbonate fuel cells occurs at the relatively low temperature between 580 and 650 °C at which the stack cell is operated.…”

“…Despite their previously discussed advantages, DIR-MCFCs face several obstacles. The internal reforming catalysts placed in the anode channel are deactivated by the molten carbonate electrolyte (Li 2 CO 3 /K 2 CO 3 ) [6] , [7] , [8] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] . Many researchers have studied the deactivation of internal reforming catalysts by molten carbonate electrolyte.…”