Characteristics of ammonia, acid gases, and PM2.5 for three typical land-use types in the North China Plain

Xu, Wen; Wu, Q. H.; Liu, Xuejun; Tang, Aohan; Dore, Anthony J.; Heal, Mathew R.

doi:10.1007/s11356-015-5648-3

Cited by 89 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Methods for sampling gases and PM 2.5 are briefly presented below. For further details of the methodology the reader is referred to relevant previous publications (Xu et al, 2014(Xu et al, , 2016.…”

Section: Sampling Procedures and Sample Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Future emission control policies to mitigate PM and SIA pollution in China should, in addition to focusing on primary particles NO x and SO 2 , also address NH 3 emission reduction from both agricultural and nonagricultural sectors (e.g. traffic sources) in particular when NH 3 becomes key to PM 2.5 formation (Liu et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2016;Xu et al, 2016).…”

Section: W Xu Et Al: Air Quality Improvement In a Megacity: Implicamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air quality improvement in a megacity: implications from 2015 Beijing Parade Blue pollution control actions

Song

Zhang

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The implementation of strict emission control measures in Beijing and surrounding regions during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade provided a valuable opportunity to investigate related air quality improvements in a megacity. We measured NH 3 , NO 2 and PM 2.5 at multiple sites in and outside Beijing and summarized concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 , SO 2 and CO in 291 cities across China from a national urban air quality monitoring network between August and September 2015. Consistently significant reductions of 12-35 % for NH 3 and 33-59 % for NO 2 in different areas of Beijing during the emission control period (referred to as the Parade Blue period) were observed compared with measurements in the pre-and post-Parade Blue periods without emission controls. Average NH 3 and NO 2 concentrations at sites near traffic were strongly correlated and showed positive and significant responses to traffic reduction measures, suggesting that traffic is an important source of both NH 3 and NO x in urban Beijing. Daily concentrations of PM 2.5 and secondary inorganic aerosol (sulfate, ammonium and nitrate) at the urban and rural sites both decreased during the Parade Blue period. During (after) the emission control period, concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 , SO 2 and CO from the national city-monitoring network showed the largest decrease (increase) of 34-72 % (50-214 %) in Beijing, a smaller decrease (a moderate increase) of 1-32 % (16-44 %) in emission control regions outside Beijing and an increase (decrease) of 6-16 % (−2-7 %) in non-emissioncontrol regions of China. Integrated analysis of modelling and monitoring results demonstrated that emission control measures made a major contribution to air quality improvePublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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Section: Sampling Procedures and Sample Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: W Xu Et Al: Air Quality Improvement In a Megacity: Implicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Air quality improvement in a megacity: implications from 2015 Beijing Parade Blue pollution control actions

Song

Zhang

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…In the USA, the Ambient Ammonia Monitoring Network (AMoN) has been using passive (Radiello) samplers at 50 sites since Oct 2010 (Puchalski et al, 2011). Hungary ), Belgium (den Bril et al, 2011, Switzerland (Thöni et al, 2004), West Africa (Senegal and Mali under the Pollution of African Capitals programme; Adon et al, 2016) and China (Xu et al, 2016) also have long-term NH 3 measurement campaigns (see review by Bleeker et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers for spatial, temporal and long-term trends in atmospheric ammonia and ammonium in the UK

et al. 2018

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Abstract. A unique long-term dataset from the UK National Ammonia Monitoring Network (NAMN) is used here to assess spatial, seasonal and long-term variability in atmospheric ammonia (NH 3 : 1998(NH 3 : -2014) and particulate ammonium (NH + 4 : 1999-2014) across the UK. Extensive spatial heterogeneity in NH 3 concentrations is observed, with lowest annual mean concentrations at remote sites (< 0.2 µg m −3 ) and highest in the areas with intensive agriculture (up to 22 µg m −3 ), while NH + 4 concentrations show less spatial variability (e.g. range of 0.14 to 1.8 µg m −3 annual mean in 2005). Temporally, NH 3 concentrations are influenced by environmental conditions and local emission sources. In particular, peak NH 3 concentrations are observed in summer at background sites (defined by 5 km grid average NH 3 emissions < 1 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ) and in areas dominated by sheep farming, driven by increased volatilization of NH 3 in warmer summer temperatures. In areas where cattle, pig and poultry farming is dominant, the largest NH 3 concentrations are in spring and autumn, matching periods of manure application to fields. By contrast, peak concentrations of NH + 4 aerosol occur in spring, associated with long-range transboundary sources. An estimated decrease in NH 3 emissions by 16 % between 1998 and 2014 was reported by the UK National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory. Annually averaged NH 3 data from NAMN sites operational over the same period (n = 59) show an indicative downward trend, although the reduction in NH 3 concentrations is smaller and nonsignificant: Mann-Kendall (MK), −6.3 %; linear regression (LR), −3.1 %. In areas dominated by pig and poultry farming, a significant reduction in NH 3 concentrations between 1998 and 2014 (MK: −22 %; LR: −21 %, annually averaged NH 3 ) is consistent with, but not as large as the decrease in estimated NH 3 emissions from this sector over the same period (−39 %). By contrast, in cattle-dominated areas there is a slight upward trend (non-significant) in NH 3 concentrations (MK: +12 %; LR: +3.6 %, annually averaged NH 3 ), despite the estimated decline in NH 3 emissions from this sector since 1998 (−11 %). At background and sheep-dominated sites, NH 3 concentrations increased over the monitoring period. These increases (non-significant) at background (MK: +17 %; LR: +13 %, annually averaged data) and sheep-dominated sites (MK: +15 %; LR: +19 %, annually averaged data) would be consistent with the concomitant reduction in SO 2 emissions over the same period, leading to a longer atmospheric lifetime of NH 3 , thereby increasing NH 3 concentrations in remote areas. The observations for NH 3 concentrations not decreasing as fast as estimated emission trends are consistent with a larger downward trend in annual particulate NH + 4 concentrations (1999-2014: MK: −47 %; LR: −49 %, p < 0.01, n = 23), associated with a lower formation of particulate NH

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“…and N-1-naphthylethylene-diamine, were determined using a colorimetric method by 235 absorption at a wavelength of 542 nm (Xu et al, 2016 …”

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confidence: 99%

Spatial-temporal patterns of inorganic nitrogen air concentrations and deposition in eastern China

Xu¹,

Liu²,

Cheng³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Characteristics of ammonia, acid gases, and PM2.5 for three typical land-use types in the North China Plain

Cited by 89 publications

References 83 publications

Air quality improvement in a megacity: implications from 2015 Beijing Parade Blue pollution control actions

Air quality improvement in a megacity: implications from 2015 Beijing Parade Blue pollution control actions

Drivers for spatial, temporal and long-term trends in atmospheric ammonia and ammonium in the UK

Spatial-temporal patterns of inorganic nitrogen air concentrations and deposition in eastern China

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