Characteristics of anemia in subclinical and overt hypothyroid patients

Erdoğan, Mehmet; Kosenli, Aybike; Ganidağlı, Sencer; Kulaksızoğlu, Mustafa

doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej11-0096

Cited by 108 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The most frequent reason of this is the bone marrow repression due to thyroid hormone deficiency as well as lack of erythropoietin production arising from the reduction in need of O 2 . 28 In our study, amongst the cases with anemia, 42.86% had S.TSH >2.5 mIU/L. In consistence to our study similar results were found in study of Fein and Rivlin they suggested that nutritional deficiencies are known to develop in subclinical hypothyroidism, the most recognized one is iron deficiency.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Hypothyroidism and anemia in pregnancy

Agrawal

Shrivastava²,

Shrivastava

2016

Int J Adv Med

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INTRODUCTIONThyroid hormone plays a critical role in fetal development. But, the thyroid physiology is modified during normal pregnancy. These modifications help to prepare the maternal thyroid gland to cope with the metabolic demands of pregnancy. These changes are usually reversible post-partum and the interpretation of these changes poses a challenge to the treating physician.Hypothyroidism is widely prevalent in pregnant women. Maternal hypothyroidism occurs in 2-5% of women of child-bearing age and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.1 It is associated with fetal loss, placental abruptions, pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery and reduced intellectual function in the offspring. 2 The risk for miscarriage increased by 15% for each 1 mIU/L elevation of the TSH level on the basis of logistic regression analysis. 3 ABSTRACTBackground: Hypothyroidism and anemia are widely prevalent in pregnant women. Due to better diagnostic facilities and increased awareness, more cases of hypothyroidism are seen. Using ATA trimester specific guidelines for diagnosis of hypothyroidism has also resulted in increased prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnancy. This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of hypothyroidism among pregnant women, and to study the correlation between the prevalence of hypothyroidism and anemia in pregnant women. Methods: A total of 110 consecutive antenatal women attending the antenatal clinic were included in our study. A detailed clinical and obstetric history was obtained from them. The cases underwent routine clinical and obstetric examination. Blood samples were sent to lab for routine haematology and fasting serum TSH testing. Results: Out of 110 cases, Raised S.TSH (>2.5mIU/L) suggestive of thyroid dysfunction was seen in 35 (31.81%) cases. Hb <11 gm% (suggestive of anemia) was seen in 21(19.09%) cases. Out of cases with Hb <11 gm%, 9 (42.86%) had S. TSH >2.5 mIU/L, whereas 12 (57.14 %) had S.TSH < 2.5 mIU/L. Conclusions: Thyroid disease has multiple deleterious impacts on pregnancy. In our study raised S.TSH (>2.5 mIU/L) was seen in 35 (31.81%) cases. Amongst the cases with anemia, 42.86% had S.TSH >2.5 mIU/L. Anemia and Hypothyroidism are very common in our country in pregnancy. It is likely, that hypothyroidism may add on to the severity of anemia. Early diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism during pregnancy will help in reducing anemia and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Hypothyroidism and anemia in pregnancy

Agrawal

Shrivastava²,

Shrivastava

2016

Int J Adv Med

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“…In the study by Das C et al, vitamin B12 deficiency was present in 10% cases.8 According to study by Mehmet E et al, it was found that the mean Vitamin B12 levels in the hypothyroid and control subjects was 400.2 and 299.1pg/ml respectively and vitamin B12 levels were higher in the hypothyroid group. 10 In our study the serum iron levels in the hypothyroid and general population was 69.07 and 74.10 mcg/dl and the serum iron levels were lower in the cases compared to the controls. Our study showed for the first time that hypothyroidism was associated with lower serum iron levels.…”

supporting

confidence: 39%

“…9 The age of hypothyroid subjects in our study was lower, comparable and higher than the age in a study by Mehmet E et al, Das C et al8 and Dorgalaleh A et al respectively. 10,11 In a study by Mehmet E et al, it was found that the mean age of the subjects in the hypothyroid and control groups was 44.5 and 45.3 years, respectively and the ages of the two groups were comparable. 10 According to a study by Das C et al in hypothyroid subjects with anemia, the mean age of the patients was 36.5 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…10,11 In a study by Mehmet E et al, it was found that the mean age of the subjects in the hypothyroid and control groups was 44.5 and 45.3 years, respectively and the ages of the two groups were comparable. 10 According to a study by Das C et al in hypothyroid subjects with anemia, the mean age of the patients was 36.5 years. 8 In the study by Dorgalaleh A et al the mean age of the patients in the hypothyroid and control groups was 14.1 and 15.2 years respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In study by Mehmet E et al the MCV was 84.4 and 84.5 FL in the hypothyroid and control subjects respectively and it was comparable in the two groups. 10 The MCV of the hypothyroid and control group was 84 and 85 FL, respectively in the Dorgalaleh A et al study. 11 In our study it was found that the MCH in the hypothyroid patients (30.91 pg) was lower than that in general population (31.98 pg).The MCH in the hypothyroid and control groups in the Dorgalaleh A et al study was 27.4 and 29.3 pg respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

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A study of anemia in primary hypothyroidism

Kulkarni

Jadhav

2017

Int J Adv Med

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INTRODUCTIONHypothyroidism is a common disease with varying frequency between countries. A decreased thyroid hormone adversely affects erythropoiesis; anemia develops in hypothyroidism. 1 Abnormalities in hematological parameters have been noted in patients with thyroid diseases. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of thyroid hormones action on human hematopoiesis is exactly not clear.2 According to the data of WHO, anemia prevalence is 24.8% throughout the world and it is seen more frequently in underdeveloped countries. 3Prevalence of anemia in subclinical and overt hypothyroid groups was 26.6 % and 73.2 %, respectively. Thus, the frequency of anemia in subclinical hypothyroidism is higher than in general population (nonhypothyroid). Therefore, presence of hypothyroidism is a risk factor for anemia. Normocytic anemia, which is the most frequent type of anemia in hypothyroid patients is caused by lack of stimulation of erythroid colony development, reduction in oxygen distribution to tissues and diminution of erythropoietin level. 4 The second most common type of anemia is microcytic anemia due to iron deficiency (43.2%) which is one of the most frequently ABSTRACT Background: The association between anemia and hypothyroidism has been recognized, although the prevalence of anemia in hypothyroid patients varies widely between studies. The main objectives were to study the prevalence, type, etiology of anemia in primary hypothyroidism and to correlate severity of anemia with severity of hypothyroidism. Methods: A case control study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital. Newly diagnosed 60 overt primary hypothyroid patients and 180 euthyroid controls were evaluated for anemia. Morphological types of anemia, their etiology were studied. Severity of anemia was correlated with that of hypothyroidism. Results: Anemia was observed in 45 patients with hypothyroidism. Symptoms due to anemia were significantly higher in cases than in the anemic controls. RBC morphology showed normocytic normochromic in 39, microcytic hypochromic in 14 and macrocytic in 7 cases. Serum iron was significantly lower in the cases than in the controls. Serum anti-TPO positivity was 63.33% in cases as compared to 10% in controls. Anemia was severe in cases with high TSH. Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia was 75% which was higher than that seen in the euthyroid controls. Hypothyroid patients were more symptomatic for anemia than the controls. Normocytic normochromic type of anemia was the most common type in our study. Autoimmunity in the form of anti-TPO positivity was detected in 69% of anemic cases. Iron deficiency was observed in the cases more than in the controls. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between TSH and hemoglobin.

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Anemia of Inflammatory, Neoplastic, Renal, and Endocrine Diseases

Fry¹

2022

Schalm's Veterinary Hematology

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Characteristics of anemia in subclinical and overt hypothyroid patients

Cited by 108 publications

References 14 publications

Hypothyroidism and anemia in pregnancy

Hypothyroidism and anemia in pregnancy

A study of anemia in primary hypothyroidism

Anemia of Inflammatory, Neoplastic, Renal, and Endocrine Diseases

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