Characteristics of ‘atypical’, cytochrome oxidase‐negative <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> isolated from ulcerated flounders (<i>Platichthys flesus</i> (L.))

Wıklund, Tom; Dalsgaard, Inger; Eerola, Erkki; Olivier, G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb01110.x

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Wiklund et al (1992) bMcCarthy (1978, Bohm et al (1986). Olivier (1992) CAustin et al (1989) dPedersen et al (1994, Wiklund et al (1994), Wiklund & Dalsgaard (1995 'Dalsgaard & Fdulsen (1986), Hirvela-Koski et al (1994), Nakatsugatva (1994) McCarthy (1978), Bohm et al (1986) and Olivier (1992) classified the examined atypical strains as subspecies achromogenes and nova. Some important characteristics of these isolates were the same for all strains (Table 2), but subspecies nova seemed to be more fastidious and growth could require up to 5 d incubation at 22'C.…”

Section: Identification and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several studies have described the genetic relationships between the species within the genus Aeromonas, there is still a lack of reliable traits for subspecies discrimination, especially for the slow-growing fastidious strains which have been isolated during the past few years (Pedersen et al 1994, Wiklund et al 1994. Further studies have to be based on large numbers of strains and use more modern techniques such as poly-nucleotide sequencing and DNA-DNA or RNA-DNA hybridization.…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chapman et al 1991, Olivier 1992, Pedersen et al 1994, Wiklund et al 1994) have complicated identification. In addition, the fermentative reaction of glucose in Hugh & Leifson's medium sometimes requires prolonged incubation, especially for the identification of the slow-growing fastidious strains isolated from flatfish (Pedersen et al 1994, Wiklund et al 1994). …”

Section: Identification and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and significance of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in non-salmonid and salmonid fish species:a review

Wıklund¹,

Dalsgaard²

1998

Dis. Aquat. Org.

198

167

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ABSTRACT. Bacterial strains of Aeromonas salmonicida included in the recognized subsp. achromogenes, subsp. masoucida, and subsp. smithia in addition to the large number of strains not included in any of the described subspecies are referred to as atypical A. salmonicida. The atypical strains form a very heterogeneous group w~t h respect to biochemical characteristics, growth conditions, and production of extracellular proteases. Consequently, the present taxonomy of the species A. salmonicida is rather ambiguous. Atypical A. salmonicida has been isolated from a wide range of cultivated and wild fish species, non-salmonids as well as salrnonids, inhabiting fresh water, brackish water and marine environments in northern and central Europe, South Africa. North America. Japan and Australia. In non-salmonid fish species, infections with atypical strains often manifest themselves as superficial skin ulcerations. The best known diseases associated with atypical A. salmonicida are carp Cypnnus carpio erythrodermatitis, goldfish Carassius auratus ulcer disease, and ulcer disease of flounder Platichthys flesus, but atypical strains are apparently involved in more disease outbreaks than previously suspected. Macroscopical and microscopical studies of ulcerated fish indicate internal organs are infrequently invaded by atypical A. salmonicida. This view is supported by the fact that atypical strains are ~rregularly isolated from visceral organs of ulcerated fish. High mortality caused by atypical A. salmonicida has been observed in populations of wild non-salmonids and farmed salmon~ds, although the association between the mortality in the wild fish stocks and atypical A. salmonicida has not always been properly assessed. In injection experiments the pathogenicity of the atypical strains examined showed large variation. An extracellular A-layer has been detected in different atypical strains, but virulence mechanisms different from those described for (typical) A. salmonicida subsp. salrnonicida, for example an extracellular metallo-protease and a different iron utilization mechanism, have been described. Limited information is available about the ecology, spread and surv~val of atypical strains in water. The commonly used therapeutic methods for the control of diseases in farmed fish caused by atypical A. salrnonicida are generally effective against the atypical strains. Resistance to different antibiotics and transferable plasmids encoding multiple drug resistance have been observed in atypical A. salmonicida. Studies aimed at producing a vaccine against atypical strains are in progress.

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Section: Identification and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and significance of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in non-salmonid and salmonid fish species:a review

Wıklund¹,

Dalsgaard²

1998

Dis. Aquat. Org.

198

167

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“…salmonicida isolates and their expanded host-range with respect to the health of both feral and cultured fish stocks is unclear. However, infections by atypical strains are a cause of increasing economic concern in aquaculture (Austin & Austin 1993), and epizootic infections of wild fish stocks have also been reported (Wiklund et al 1994). Finally, their position in terms of the current taxonomy of A. salmonicida is unresolved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida demonstrated by random amplified polymorphic DNA and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyses

O'Hici

Olivier²,

Powell

2000

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The current taxonomy of Aeromonas salmonicida includes 4 subspecies. A . salrnonicida subsp. salmonicida is associated with salrnonid furunculosis, and A. salmon~cida subsp. achromogenes, A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida, and A. salmonicida subsp. smithia are strains that show variation in some biochenlical properties. This classification does not readly encompass isolates from a wide range of fish hosts currently described as atypical A. salmonic~da. This study examined 17 typical strains, 39 atypical strains and 3 type A. sahonicida subspecies strains for genetic similarity using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) techniques. On the basis of RAPD-and PFGE-derived profiles, similarity matrices and dendrograms were constructed. The results showed that species A. salmonicida constituted a genetically heterogeneous group of strains, encompassing within an homogeneous or clonal lineage comprised solely of typical strains and the A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida type strain.

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“…In many cases, in Europe, Australia and North America, the disease caused by atypical strains is characterized by superficial skin ulcers (Bootsma et al, 1977;Shotts et al, 1980;Trust et al, 1990;Wiklund et al, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

RAPD Analysis of Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida Isolated in Japan.

et al. 1997

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The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method of PCR amplification was used to analyze a group of non-motile aeromonads.Genomic DNA fingerprints were generated, using 12-mer random primers, for 29 strains of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from eight different species of fish in Japan and for references strains of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, A. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes, A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida, and A. salmonicida subsp. smithia.All RAPD profiles, using primers A22 and A32, of atypical A. salmonicida strains were identical. The RAPD profile amplified by primer A31 was similar among isolates of the same species of fish. Some common fragments were found in atypical A. salmonicida strains amplified by primers A24 and A29. This indicates genomic homogeneity among atypical A. salmonicida strains isolated from the eight species of fish in Japan. However, RAPD patterns of the 4 reference strains differed from those of atypical A. salmonicida strains examined, suggesting genomic differences between atypical A. salmonicida and the others.

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Characteristics of ‘atypical’, cytochrome oxidase‐negative Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from ulcerated flounders (Platichthys flesus (L.))

Cited by 32 publications

References 34 publications

Occurrence and significance of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in non-salmonid and salmonid fish species:a review

Occurrence and significance of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in non-salmonid and salmonid fish species:a review

Genetic diversity of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida demonstrated by random amplified polymorphic DNA and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyses

RAPD Analysis of Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida Isolated in Japan.

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