Characteristics of Axial and Radial Development of Solids Holdup in a Countercurrent Fluidized Bed Particle Solar Receiver

Solid particle solar receivers in the next‐generation concentrated solar power plant

“…43 According to a theoretical analysis, the solar collection efficiency of 87% and an average HTC of 1000 W/(m 2 ÁK) can be achieved when the zigzag structure was heated by 1000 suns, additionally, the external wall temperature of 1020 C was within the allowable range of Haynes 230. 43,44 Recently, Jiang et al 45,46 introduced a countercurrent fluidized bed SPSR with gas-solid flows in absorber tubes. Quartz sand with an average particle diameter of 113.5 μm was used in the experiments, 45 and the coldstate solid fraction distributions were measured by an optical fiber probe system.…”

“…Quartz sand with an average particle diameter of 113.5 μm was used in the experiments, 45 and the coldstate solid fraction distributions were measured by an optical fiber probe system. 46 The solid fraction gradually declines vertically, then forms a fully developed region at the bottom of the tube with dilute and stable solid fractions (0.03-0.04). Therefore, only the upper part of the tube with high solid fractions is adequate for capturing concentrated solar energy, which requires high solid mass flux and high gas velocity.…”

“…Recently, Jiang et al 45,46 introduced a countercurrent fluidized bed SPSR with gas–solid flows in absorber tubes. Quartz sand with an average particle diameter of 113.5 μm was used in the experiments, 45 and the cold‐state solid fraction distributions were measured by an optical fiber probe system 46 .…”

“…29 The SPSR technologies have been further developed and new designs have emerged. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] Moreover, the previous review papers mainly focused on the structural designs and thermal performance of the various SPSRs, other related aspects such as solid particle selections, receiver system structure optimization, particle flow characteristics, and heat transfer characteristics are not discussed in-depth. As a result, this article provides a more comprehensive review of various SPSR technologies and highlights the technical drawbacks, the large-scale development prospects, and the potential optimization strategies of the various SPSR designs through the comparative analysis of multiple parameters.…”

“…However, due to the demand for higher solar‐to‐electricity efficiency and lower LCOE of CSP plants, a number of countries have carried out demonstration projects on solid particulate‐based CSP plants in recent years 29 . The SPSR technologies have been further developed and new designs have emerged 30–49 . Moreover, the previous review papers mainly focused on the structural designs and thermal performance of the various SPSRs, other related aspects such as solid particle selections, receiver system structure optimization, particle flow characteristics, and heat transfer characteristics are not discussed in‐depth.…”