Characteristics of biosecurity and infection control programs at veterinary teaching hospitals

Benedict, Katharine M.; Morley, Paul S.; Metre, David C. Van

doi:10.2460/javma.233.5.767

Cited by 103 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Paralleling these are reports of the increasing role of MRSA in nosocomial infections in veterinary settings (Seguin et al 1999, Leonard, et al 2006, Weese et al 2007, Benedict et al 2008, McLean and Ness 2008, van Duijkeren et al 2010. A recent study of veterinary teaching hospitals accredited by the American Veterinary Medicine Association (AVMA) found that MRSA was the second most common pathogen (13/31, 42%) associated with nosocomial outbreaks (Benedict et al 2008). However, the interaction between the environment, patients, and hospital personnel in the transmission of MRSA in veterinary hospitals has not been described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Several studies have implicated hospital surfaces contaminated with nosocomial pathogens, including MRSA, in the dissemination of hospital-acquired infections (Rampling et al 2001, Schultsz et al 2003, Hota 2004, Kramer et al 2006, Sexton et al 2006, Boyce 2007, Weber et al 2010, Otter et al 2011. Paralleling these are reports of the increasing role of MRSA in nosocomial infections in veterinary settings (Seguin et al 1999, Leonard, et al 2006, Weese et al 2007, Benedict et al 2008, McLean and Ness 2008, van Duijkeren et al 2010. A recent study of veterinary teaching hospitals accredited by the American Veterinary Medicine Association (AVMA) found that MRSA was the second most common pathogen (13/31, 42%) associated with nosocomial outbreaks (Benedict et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Presence, Distribution, and Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin a Small Animal Teaching Hospital: A Year-Long Active Surveillance Targeting Dogs and Their Environment

Balen

Kelley²,

Nava-Hoet³

et al. 2013

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is known to be present in small animal veterinary clinical environments. However, a better understanding of the ecology and dynamics of MRSA in these environments is necessary for the development of effective infectious disease prevention and control programs. To achieve this goal, a yearlong active MRSA surveillance program was established at The Ohio State University (OSU) Veterinary Medical Center to describe the spatial and molecular epidemiology of this bacterium in the small animal hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing, pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, and dendrogram analysis were used to characterize and analyze the 81 environmental and 37 canine-origin MRSA isolates obtained during monthly sampling events. Overall, 13.5% of surfaces were contaminated with MRSA at 1 or more sampling times throughout the year. The majority of the environmental and canine isolates were SCCmec type II (93.8% and 86.5%, respectively) and USA100 (90.1% and 86.5%, respectively). By PFGE analysis, these isolates were found to be closely related, which reflects a low diversity of MRSA strains circulating in the hospital. For 5 consecutive months, 1 unique pulsotype was the most prevalent across the medical services and was recovered from a variety of surfaces and hospital locations. Carts/ gurneys, doors, and examination tables/floors were the most frequently contaminated surfaces. Some surfaces maintained the same pulsotypes for 3 consecutive months. Molecular analysis found that incoming MRSApositive dogs were capable of introducing a new pulsotype into the hospital environment during the surveillance period. Our results suggest that once a MRSA strain is introduced into the hospital environment, it can be maintained and spread for extended periods of time. These findings can aid in the development of biosecurity and biocontainment protocols aimed at reducing environmental contamination and potential exposures to MRSA in veterinary hospital staff, clients, and patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence, Distribution, and Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin a Small Animal Teaching Hospital: A Year-Long Active Surveillance Targeting Dogs and Their Environment

Balen

Kelley²,

Nava-Hoet³

et al. 2013

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…As Comissões de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (CCIH) em medicina humana são obrigatórias nos hospitais do país (Brasil 1997), com diretrizes e normas bem estabelecidas (Brasil 1998). Porém, em Medicina Veterinária, não há controle dos dados estatísticos sobre a real incidência dessas infecções, devido à ausência das CCIH, que são responsáveis pela vigilância epidemiológica de todos os pacientes, em especial aqueles que apresentam maior risco, como os cirúrgicos (Benedict et al 2008, Weese 2008.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Perfil epidemiológico e análise microbiológica da infecção de sítio cirúrgico em pacientes humanos e animais de companhia

et al. 2015

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Surgical site infection (SSI) has been indicated as the third cause of nosocomial infection. The present study aimed to determine the epidemiological profile of SSI and its association with the risk factors. It is a transversal study done at the São João Batista Hospital of Viçosa-MG and at the Surgery Service of the Small Animals Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa-MG, from September 2012 to February 2013. Global SSI rates were 0.7% at the human and 3.46% at the veterinary hospitals. At the veterinary hospital, SSI rates were not related to contamination potential, with clean procedures presenting the greater rates. As for the type of surgery, orthopedic ones are the most common in both hospital and also the ones presenting the greater SSI rates. Surgeries during more than 120 minutes were 15.25% of the total of procedures at the human hospital and are even less common in the veterinary, with 1.26%. Rate of SSI does not seem to be related to surgery duration in this classification. Bacteria isolated from surgical wounds were multi-resistant and the obtained data indicated that no criteria of antibiotic prophylaxis existed, mainly for clean surgeries. This scenario shows that the action of a commission to control nosocomial infection are extremely relevant in order to guarantee reliable data so that the quality of service may be evaluated and thus, promoting a decrease the risk of in post-operative complications.INDEX TERMS: Hospital-acquired infection, infection control committee.

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“…Other studies have found that impracticality of biosecurity in everyday practice is a key barrier to personal protective equipment use, for example where it restrains safety, time or causes heat stress. 11,20 Benedict et al 3 also suggested veterinarians are inconvenienced by biosecurity practices and that this may prevent veterinarians from performing these practices unless they understand the need and value of them. This suggestion is consistent with cognitive behaviour theories such as the Protection Motivation Theory, which outlines that a person's perceptions of a behaviour's practicality and effectiveness are linked to their motivation and compliance with the behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overseas, many studies have identified the need for prevention of nosocomial and zoonotic infections in clinical settings. [1][2][3][4][5] In Australia, the emergence of zoonotic Hendra virus has lead to calls for better risk assessment and biosecurity practices of Australian equine veterinarians in the field 6 . The 2007 equine influenza outbreak also raised equine veterinarians' awareness of the need for good biosecurity and hygiene practices to prevent the spread of infectious diseases from client to client.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey ofAustralian equine veterinarians evaluating their biosecurity training and perceptions and opinions about the management of the 2007 equine influenza outbreak

et al. 2014

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Objectives To evaluate the level of biosecurity training among Australian equine veterinarians, to assess their biosecurity and infectious disease perceptions and their opinions about the 2007 equine influenza outbreak management.\ud \ud Design Cross sectional study.\ud \ud Procedure A survey was conducted among equine veterinarians attending the 2010 annual conference of the Equine Veterinarian Association (EVA) in Australia. Data were collected using a selfcompleted questionnaire and analysed using Fisher’s exact tests to assess veterinarians’ level of biosecurity training, infectious disease perceptions and views regarding the 2007 equine influenza outbreak management.\ud \ud Results A total of 46 out of the 196 attending veterinarians (23.5%) completed the questionnaire. Significantly greater proportions of recently graduated veterinarians received theoretical and practical biosecurity training at veterinary schools than their counterparts The majority considered their likelihood of spreading infectious diseases from one client’s horse to another to be low (84%). More than half (58%) of the veterinarians considered that hand-washing/ wearing gloves was very effective in preventing disease spread. However, around a quarter (27%) reported a degree of reservation about the practicality of performing general biosecurity practices in everyday working life. Overall veterinarians were satisfied with the equine influenza outbreak response but had mixed opinions about the control measures used and communications.\ud \ud Conclusion Levels of biosecurity training and the frequency of biosecurity advice provided by veterinarians have increased over time, although practicality of biosecurity practices is a concern for some of the veterinarians. Further investigations of the barriers for the use of various biosecurity practices are required in order to inform training programs.\ud \ud Keywords: equine, veterinarians, biosecurity, perceptions, equine influenza, training.financial support of the Rural Industries, Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC

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Characteristics of biosecurity and infection control programs at veterinary teaching hospitals

Cited by 103 publications

References 21 publications

Presence, Distribution, and Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin a Small Animal Teaching Hospital: A Year-Long Active Surveillance Targeting Dogs and Their Environment

Presence, Distribution, and Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin a Small Animal Teaching Hospital: A Year-Long Active Surveillance Targeting Dogs and Their Environment

Perfil epidemiológico e análise microbiológica da infecção de sítio cirúrgico em pacientes humanos e animais de companhia

Survey ofAustralian equine veterinarians evaluating their biosecurity training and perceptions and opinions about the management of the 2007 equine influenza outbreak

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