“…The suffering caused to family members is described in a similar way in different cultures; with symptoms of physical and psychological illnesses, changes in family relationships, situations of violence, and economic problems (Ahmad-Abadi et al, 2017;Askian, Krauss, Baba, Kadir, & Sharghi, 2016;Bortolon et al, 2017;Lampis, Cataudella, Busonera, & Skowron 2017;Panaghi, Ahmadabadi, Khosravi, Sadeghi, & Madanipour, 2016;Tamutiene & Laslett, 2016;Ulusoy & Guçray, 2017). The need for treatment of family members is evidenced by the range of physical and psychological symptoms pointed out in numerous studies (Askian et al, 2016;Lima et al, 2019;Silva Oliveira, Silva, Algeri, & Soares, 2019;Zielinski et al, 2019). Interventions directed to the specific demands of family members who are affected by the problem use of drugs of a loved-one are effective in reducing physical and psychological symptoms and the characteristic symptoms of codependency (Ahmad-Abadi et al, 2017;Bortolon et al, 2017).…”