Characteristics of Carbon and Kevlar Fibres, Their Composites and Structural Applications in Civil Engineering—A Review

Ursache, Ștefania; Cerbu, Camelia; Hadăr, Anton

doi:10.3390/polym16010127

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 83 publications

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“…Carbon fiber is a high-performance fiber with carbon content exceeding 90% [1,2]. Due to its high strength, high modulus, and lightweight properties, it is widely used in aerospace, military, automotive, construction, and sports industries [3][4][5]. Carbon fiber can be divided into pitch-based carbon fiber, polyacrylonitrile-based (PAN) carbon fiber, and bio-based carbon fiber [6,7], with polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber currently holding the largest market share [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure Evolution of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Fibers during Thermal Pre-Oxidation

Sun,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

J. Compos. Sci.

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In this work, pre-oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers are treated with ultrasonic etching and solution etching to produce ultra-thin sections. The evolution of the fibers’ microstructure in the pre-oxidation process is observed, and the transformation model of the microstructure of the pre-oxidized fibers is proposed. Scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the microstructure changes of the fibers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to observe the chemical structure transformation and crystallization degree of the fibers in the pre-oxidation process. The results revealed that pre-oxidized fibers exhibited a smooth surface, while their interior consisted of fibrils. The longitudinal microfibrils were connected by the transverse microfibrils and amorphous regions. The fracture morphology of the fibers shifted from ductile to brittle, and the cross-section gradually became smoother. The linear molecular chain of PAN transformed into a ring structure as pre-oxidation progressed, subsequently leading to the cross-linking of this ring structure into an orderly trapezoidal configuration. The connection between the fibrils was enhanced, and the fiber structure became more compact and stable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure Evolution of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Fibers during Thermal Pre-Oxidation

Sun,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

J. Compos. Sci.

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3Dprinting of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites: Effect of process parameters in X‐band microwave absorption performance

Qin,

Fu,

Han

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The present work investigates the effect of process parameters on the microwave absorption performance of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites in the X‐band (8–12 GHz). The selection of process parameters in this work is based on an orthogonal experiment, explicitly focusing on the fiber orientation and printing temperature. The coupled effect between fiber orientation and printing temperature on the average absorptivity is further investigated by using response surface methodology (RSM), and the mechanism of these parameters on the microwave absorption performance is revealed, resulting in the optimal process parameters with a fiber orientation of 58.39° and a printing temperature of 230°C. The predicted average absorptivity is 0.525 and the mechanical properties of specimens corresponding to optimal parameters have been characterized. The experimental results demonstrate that the optimization of process parameters could lead to a significant improvement in the average absorptivity. Moreover, the microstructure observation shows that voids have the opposite effect on microwave absorption performance and mechanical properties. The above studies have specific guiding significance to the further application of 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites in structural absorbing materials.

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Mixed Mode‐I/II interlaminar fracture toughness Characterization of woven Carbon–Kevlar interyarn hybrid textile composites

Sharma,

Mali,

Dixit

2024

Polymer Composites

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In actual service conditions, the composite structures are subjected to the combined effect of Mode‐I and Mode‐II loadings. It has great significance in the aerospace, defense, military, automobile, and marine sectors. This study aims to determine the Mixed Mode‐I/II interlaminar fracture toughness (ILFT) of plain and twill woven carbon, Kevlar monolithic, and interyarn hybrid textile composites under several hybridization schemes. The tailored properties are obtained using the interyarn hybridization of high stiff carbon yarn and high tough Kevlar yarn. The effect of individual yarn in the length direction in different hybrid composite laminates is carefully investigated. The Mixed Mode‐I/II ILFT characterization is experimentally performed using a mixed mode bending (MMB) test specimen on the Instron 8862 system under 45%, 55%, and 65% Mixed Mode ratios (MMRs). The increase in mode mixture percentage decreases the lever length, increases the load‐bearing capacity, and increases the Mixed Mode‐I/II ILFT of the MMB test specimen. Plain woven composites exhibited a higher ILFT than twill woven textile composites. The plain woven carbon–Kevlar hybrid composite laminate with carbon yarn‐in‐length direction shows the highest Mixed Mode‐I/II ILFT after CP laminates. Hybridization significantly increases the Mixed Mode‐I/II ILFT compared to monolithic Kevlar fabric‐reinforced composites. Moreover, the failure mechanisms are investigated using scanning electron microscopy.Highlights Mixed Mode‐I/II ILFT of carbon–Kevlar interyarn hybrid textile composites. ILFT at nonlinearity (NL), VIS, and 5%/Max load points for 45%, 55%, and 65% MMR. Advantage of placing carbon yarn‐in‐length direction in hybrid configurations. Effect of carbon–Kevlar interyarn hybridization on Mixed Mode‐I/II ILFT. Fractography of tested specimens to investigate several failure mechanisms.

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Characteristics of Carbon and Kevlar Fibres, Their Composites and Structural Applications in Civil Engineering—A Review

Cited by 13 publications

References 83 publications

Microstructure Evolution of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Fibers during Thermal Pre-Oxidation

Microstructure Evolution of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Fibers during Thermal Pre-Oxidation

3Dprinting of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites: Effect of process parameters in X‐band microwave absorption performance

Mixed Mode‐I/II interlaminar fracture toughness Characterization of woven Carbon–Kevlar interyarn hybrid textile composites

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