Characteristics of cranial ultrasound white‐matter echolucencies that predict disability: a review

Holling, E E; Leviton, Alan

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1999.tb00567.x

Cited by 78 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In the study of Allen et al [19], on very-low-birth-infants, odds ratios greater than 8 demonstrate that US imaging can be helpful in predicting CP. In literature, white matter lesions are acknowledged as the most predictive factor for CP [20]. This report shows a clear relation between the extent of the white matter lesions and the risk for CP development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Predictability of cerebral palsy and its characteristics through neonatal cranial ultrasound in a high-risk NICU population

Himpens

Oostra²,

Franki

et al. 2010

Eur J Pediatr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the study is to evaluate the predictive value of various types of brain injury detected by ultrasound in the neonatal period for the occurrence of cerebral palsy and its characteristics in a large cohort of high-risk infants. Thousand twenty-one consecutively NICU-admitted high-risk infants were assessed up to the corrected age of at least 2 years. Cerebral palsy (CP) was categorised into spastic or non-spastic, bilateral or unilateral and mild, moderate or severe CP. Different types of brain injury were identified by serial cranial ultrasound (US) during the NICU stay: white matter disease (WMD), haemorrhage, cerebral infarction, deep grey matter and parasagittal cerebral injury. There is a significant overall association between different types of brain injury and gestational age. Only 4% of the children with normal US develop CP. In the presence of any abnormal US image, the likeliness to develop CP is at least seven times higher. Within the group of infants with WMD and haemorrhage, the degree of brain involvement has a clear impact on the occurrence of CP. Concerning the characteristics of CP, deep grey matter lesion predict non-spastic CP versus spastic CP (OR = 31, P < 0.001). Cerebral infarction and haemorrhage grade IV are strong predictors of unilateral spastic CP versus bilateral spastic CP (OR = 49 and 24, respectively, P < 0.001). Deep grey matter lesion is a significant predictor for severe versus mild and moderate CP (OR = 6). In conclusion, neonatal cranial US is a useful tool in predicting CP and its characteristics.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Predictability of cerebral palsy and its characteristics through neonatal cranial ultrasound in a high-risk NICU population

Himpens

Oostra²,

Franki

et al. 2010

Eur J Pediatr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At presentation, the median gestational age and EFW were 24 (range, [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] weeks and 364 (range, 167-496) g, respectively. Absent end-diastolic flow was present in 24 cases (67%) and reversed end-diastolic flow in 12 (33%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early onset, severe fetal growth restriction with absent or reversed end‐diastolic flow velocity waveform in the umbilical artery: Perinatal and long‐term outcomes

Petersen

Wong

Urs

et al. 2009

Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Injury to the newborn during the perinatal stage is the underlying etiology for a host of developmental disabilities that includes spastic motor deficits such as cerebral palsy [1,2] or other cognitive, behavioral, attentional, socialization and learning difficulties [3,4,5,6]. As brain development substantially influences the progression and signature outcomes of brain injury [7,8], there is no guaranty of equivalent success in applying therapeutic procedures used for adult ischemia to the newborns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Expression of Cytokines and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Factor 3 Activation after Neonatal Hypoxia/Ischemia in Mice

Shrivastava¹,

Llovera²,

Recasens³

et al. 2013

Dev Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hypoxia/ischemia (HI) is a prevalent reason for neonatal brain injury with inflammation being an inevitable phenomenon following such injury; but there is a scarcity of data regarding the signaling pathway involved and the effector molecules. The signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3) is known to modulate injury following imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral and central nervous system injury making it a potential molecule for study. The current study investigates the temporal expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) after carotid occlusion and hypoxia (8% O₂, 55 min) in postnatal day 7 C57BL/6 mice from 3 h to 21 days after hypoxia. Protein array illustrated notable changes in cytokines expressed in both hemispheres in a time-dependent manner. The major pro-inflammatory cytokines showing immediate changes between ipsi- and contralateral hemispheres were IL-6 and IL-1β. The anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 demonstrated a delayed augmentation with no prominent differences between hemispheres, while IL-1ra showed two distinct peaks of expression spread over time. We also illustrate for the first time the spatiotemporal activation of pSTAT3 (Y705 phosphorylation) after a neonatal HI in mice brain. The main regions expressing pSTAT3 were the hippocampus and the corpus callosum. pSTAT3+ cells were mostly a subpopulation of activated astrocytes (GFAP+) and microglia/macrophages (F4/80+) seen only in the ipsilateral hemisphere at most time points studied (till 7 days after hypoxia). The highest expression of pSTAT3+ cells was observed to be around 24-48 h, where the presence of pSTAT3+ astrocytes and pSTAT3+ microglia/macrophages was seen by confocal micrographs. In conclusion, our study highlights a synchronized expression of some pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, especially in the long term not previously defined. It also points towards a significant role of STAT3 signaling following micro- and astrogliosis in the pathophysiology of neonatal HI-related brain injury. In the study, a shift from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine profile was also noted as the injury progressed. We suggest that while designing efficient neuroprotective therapies using inflammatory molecules, the time of intervention and balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines must be considered.

show abstract

Characteristics of cranial ultrasound white‐matter echolucencies that predict disability: a review

Cited by 78 publications

References 33 publications

Predictability of cerebral palsy and its characteristics through neonatal cranial ultrasound in a high-risk NICU population

Predictability of cerebral palsy and its characteristics through neonatal cranial ultrasound in a high-risk NICU population

Early onset, severe fetal growth restriction with absent or reversed end‐diastolic flow velocity waveform in the umbilical artery: Perinatal and long‐term outcomes

Temporal Expression of Cytokines and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Factor 3 Activation after Neonatal Hypoxia/Ischemia in Mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About