Characteristics of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Directed to Influenza Virus Haemagglutinin Elicited by Immunization with Muramyldipeptide‐Influenza Liposome Vaccine

Abstract

We examined the characterization of the antiviral T lymphocytes elicited by immunization with a novel liposome vaccine (MDP-virosome) constructed with synthetic muramyldipeptide; [6-0-(2-tetradecylhexadecanoyl)-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine] , cholesterol, influenza virus haemagglutinin and neuraminidase. The haemagglutinin glycoprotein first appeared to induce a significant subtype-specific cytotoxic activity through its arrangement on the inner and outer surfaces of the MDP-virosome. Splenocytes of BALB/c mice immunized with the virosome vaccine containing H3 haemagglutinin and N2 neuraminidase from human Hong Kong virus markedly lysed H3N2 virus-infected target cells, but not those infected with virus possessing a different subtype such as H1N1 surface antigens. Exposure of these splenic lymphocytes to virus antigen in vitro further enhanced their cytotoxic activity. The cytotoxic lymphocytes generated by the MDP-virosome vaccine expressed Thy 1 and CD4 antigens on their cell surface, and these activities were restricted by class II histocompatibility gene products. The marked reduction of pulmonary virus titres in infected mice caused by transferred immune spleen cells suggested that the MDP-virosome vaccination is able to protect against influenza virus infection through enhanced cellular immune responses.

Effect of Liposomal Formulations and Immunostimulating Peptidoglycan Monomer (PGM) on the Immune Reaction to Ovalbumin in Mice

“…Adjuvant activity of peptidoglycan monomer has been documented in several studies but only one report concerns its activity in liposomal formulation (Tomašic and Hršak, 1982). More studies were published on the activity of structurally related muramyl peptides or adamantylpeptides encapsulated into liposomes (Brynestad et al, 1990;Turanek et al, 1994;Davis and Gregoriadis, 1989;Ullrich and Fidler, 1992;Tsujimoto et al, 1989;Gregoriadis and Panagiotidi, 1989;Bui et al, 1994;Allison and Byars, 1986;Iinuma et al, 1995). In most of these studies the adjuvant activity of liposomal formulations containing immunomodulators was confirmed (Brynestad et al, 1990;Turanek et al, 1994;Davis and Gregoriadis, 1989;Ullrich and Fidler, 1992;Tsujimoto et al, 1989;Gregoriadis and Panagiotidi, 1989;Bui et al, 1994).…”

Effect of Intranasal Administration ofLactobacillus caseiShirota on Influenza Virus Infection of Upper Respiratory Tract in Mice

“…Some of the therapeutic approaches used thus far have included antiviral compounds (9,23), vaccines (10), and biological response modifiers (2,8,21). In recent years, there has been an increased tendency in modern medicine to apply preventive treatments involving the use of probiotics, such as Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium.…”

Evaluation of Leuconostoc mesenteroides YML003 as a probiotic against low-pathogenic avian influenza (H9N2) virus in chickens

“…The infection promotes production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor a, interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon (IFN)-c (Seo et al 2004;Kacergius et al 2006). Some of the therapeutic approaches used thus far have included antiviral compounds (Herrmann et al 1989), vaccines (Iinuma et al 1995) and biological response modifiers (Sarawar et al 1994). DNA vaccines have been shown to be effective in chickens, eliciting a humoral immune response and presumably a cellular immune response (Fynan et al 1993).…”