Characteristics of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Isolated Lower Extremity Fractures and Unsolved Problems in Guidelines: A Review of Recent Literature

Abstract

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has been characterized by a disorder of venous return caused by abnormal blood clotting in deep veins. It often occurs in the lower limbs and is a common complication in orthopaedics. Therefore, relevant professional organizations domestic and overseas had formulated and constantly updated relevant guidelines to prevent the occurrence of DVT. According to the management strategy of the guidelines, the incidence of DVT can be significantly reduced. However, due to the variety of fractures types, the guidelines cannot expound precautions and characteristics of DVT for all fracture types at present, and there are other related unresolved problems. For example, there is still a lack of consistent optimal strategies for the management of DVT following isolated lower extremity fractures with a higher incidence. The best anticoagulant strategies for patients with upper limb fractures, pediatric fractures, and those combined with other injuries are rarely described in orthopaedic guidelines, but such fractures are common in clinical orthopaedics. The long‐term complications after DVT, such as post‐thrombotic syndrome, are not well‐understood. In the absence of clear guidance, orthopaedic surgeons often resort to empiric anticoagulation or conservative treatment, so the prevention effects of DVT are inconsistent. The purpose of this review is to summarize the characteristics of DVT events after isolated lower extremity fractures and to discuss the unsolved issues in the guidelines by reviewing the previous literature and tracing the history of DVT discovery, to provide more scientific and comprehensive recommendations for the prediction and prevention of DVT.

Effect of individualized narrative nursing mode on recovery of elderly patients with fracture complicated with cerebrovascular accident

“…Some studies have shown that depression remarkably affects the cognitive ability of many elderly patients with fracture complicated with cerebrovascular accident. [33][34][35] Foreign scholars have found that depression often experienced by elderly patients with fracture complicated with cerebrovascular accident will affect cognitive ability, and insecurity will coexist with depression. A high level of insecurity will also affect the ability of cognitive adjustment.…”

Research on risk factors for deep vein thrombosis in elderly patients with upper limb fractures and establishment of Nomogram prediction model

“…is a prevalent complication due to traumatic fracture, which is mostly found in lower extremity fractures [5]. Previous studies have reported that the incidence of DVT in lower extremity fractures is 32% [7,14,15].…”

“…A previous study reported that the mortality rate of patients with untreated PE is as high as 30% [3]. DVT impairs venous return due to abnormal deep vein coagulation, which usually occurs in the lower limbs and is a prevalent complication in orthopedics [4][5][6]. Previous studies have reported that fracture site, diabetes, and age are crucial factors affecting DVT occurrence in patients with lower limb fractures [7,8].…”

Effect of individualized narrative nursing mode on mental health, cognitive function and limb function recovery of elderly patients with fracture complicated with cerebrovascular accident

“…In addition, the study has shown that there is a negative correlation between psychological pain and neuropsychological performance in elderly patients with fracture complicated with cerebrovascular accident. Some studies have shown that depression remarkably affects the cognitive ability of many elderly patients with fracture complicated with cerebrovascular accident [33][34][35]. Foreign scholars have found that depression often experienced by elderly patients with fracture complicated with cerebrovascular accident will affect cognitive ability, and insecurity will coexist with depression.…”