Characteristics of Dorsal Lingual Papillae of the Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus)

Abstract

The morphology of dorsal lingual papillae of the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) was studied by using light and scanning electron microscopy. Filiform and lenticular papillae were considered as mechanical papillae but fungiform and vallate papillae were considered as gustatory papillae. Filiform papillae were distributed mostly in the anterior two-thirds region of the tongue. Each filiform papilla consisted of one primary papilla and a few smaller secondary papillae. Lenticular papillae were distributed on the torus linguae. The larger papillae were arranged in two parallel lines medially whereas the smaller papillae were laterally located. Most of the fungiform papillae were found on the lateral margins of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. These papillae were small and round. Intra-epithelial taste buds were located on the dorsal surface of each papilla. The vallate papillae were arranged in two rows on each rim of the torus linguae. Each round- and flat-shaped vallate papilla was surrounded by a prominent gustatory groove and an annular pad. A few taste buds were observed in the lateral epithelium of the papillae. The keratinization of the covering stratified squamous epithelium of the mechanical lingual papillae was relatively thicker than those of the gustatory papillae. The lingual papillae of the Bactrian camel exhibited some different characteristics from other domestic ruminants. These morphological characteristics of the tongue of the Bactrian camel might have evolved to assist the camel in prehension and manipulating of the inorganic stiff plants that grow in its environment and therefore might relate to the feed and feeding habits of the animal.

Morphological features of the Egyptian Ossimi sheep tongue: New scanning electron microscopic insights into its papillary system adaptations to Egyptian ecological conditions

“…The morphological adaptations of the lingual papillae are primarily related to nutritional habits and mechanisms, dietary nature and environmental conditions (Iwasaki, 2002). Our observations are consistent with other ruminant's species that the lingual papillae Meanwhile, other ruminant species, such as the barking deer (Adnyane et al, 2011) and Bactriancamel (Eerdunchaolu et al, 2001) have four types of lingual papillae: two mechanical (filiform and conical) and two gustatory (fungiform and circumvallate). Functionally, the five papillary types with their specific-region distribution, appearance, size and orientation of the studied Egyptian Ossimi sheep, have an important role in the choice behaviour, which also includes the rejection mechanism of the available nutritional material in the Egyptian farms.…”

“…Meanwhile, Formosan serow, camel, yak, and sheep have 2-3 taste pores on the fungiform papillae (Atoji et al, 1998;Eerdunchaolu et al, 2001;Erdoğan & Sağsöz, 2018;Qayyum et al, 1988;Shao et al, 2010). Our study describes that each fungiform papilla has a concave dorsal surface with an elevated border and is surrounded by a circular groove.…”

“…Our study describes that each fungiform papilla has a concave dorsal surface with an elevated border and is surrounded by a circular groove. The circular groove encircling all fungiform papillae is also described in Formosan serow (Atoji et al, 1998), Reeves' muntjac deer (Zheng & Kobayashi, 2006) and camels (Eerdunchaolu et al, 2001;Qayyum et al, 1988), while this papillary groove is completely missed in pampas deer (Erdogan, Perez, 2013).…”

“…Our observations are consistent with other ruminant's species that the lingual papillae are five types according to their functions: mechanical (filiform, conical and lentiform) and gustatory type (fungiform and circumvallate) in addition to the paralingual conical papillae (El‐Bakary & Abumandour, 2017; Erdoğan & Sağsöz, 2018; Mahdy et al, 2021). Meanwhile, other ruminant species, such as the barking deer (Adnyane et al, 2011) and Bactriancamel (Eerdunchaolu et al, 2001) have four types of lingual papillae: two mechanical (filiform and conical) and two gustatory (fungiform and circumvallate). Functionally, the five papillary types with their specific‐region distribution, appearance, size and orientation of the studied Egyptian Ossimi sheep, have an important role in the choice behaviour, which also includes the rejection mechanism of the available nutritional material in the Egyptian farms.…”

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Developing Vallate Papillaein the Korean Native Goat (Capra hircus)

“…Scanning electron microscopic studies of the tongue papillae in various animals have been reported for rodents (Iwasaki et al, 1996; Iwasaki et al, 1997), carnivore (Boshell et al, 1982; Holland et al, 1989; Ojima, 2001), ruminants (Davies et al, 1979; Emura et al, 2000; Eerdunchaolu et al, 2001), pigs (Kumar and Bate, 2004), horses (Chamorro et al, 1986; Pfeiffer et al, 2000), and various wild animals (Krause and Cutts., 1982; Furubayashi et al, 1989; Emura et al, 2004). A few studies have been performed with goats, examining their filiform, fungiform, conical, vallate, and lentiform papillae (Lee et al, 1996; Kumar et al., 1998).…”