Characteristics of drug use among pregnant women in the United States: Opioid and non-opioid illegal drug use

Metz, Verena E.; Brown, Qiana L.; Martins, Sílvia S.; Palamar, Joseph J.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.11.010

Cited by 49 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Millions of people are affected by this epidemic, which does not discriminate by age, gender, race, geographic area, or socio-economic status (Manchikanti et al, 2012; Metz et al, 2018). Within the wider population, pregnant women are not immune to substance use disorders and it is estimated over 10% of births in the United States each year are affected by illicit drug or alcohol use (Wabuyele et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening Pregnant Women and Their Neonates for Illicit Drug Use: Consideration of the Integrated Technical, Medical, Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues

2018

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North America is currently suffering from one of the worst epidemics of illicit drug use in recent history: the opioid crisis. Pregnant women are not immune to the ravages of substance misuse which affects themselves, their pregnancies, and the wider community. The prevalence of drug misuse in pregnancy is not well quantified due to the lack of good validated tests, cooperation between clinicians and scientists developing tests, and consensus as to who should be tested and how results should be used. A wide range of tissues can be tested for drug use, including maternal blood, urine, and hair; neonatal meconium, urine, and hair; and placenta and umbilical cord tissues. Testing methods range from simple spectrophotometry and clinical chemistry to sophisticated analytical HPLC or mass spectrometry techniques. The drive for ever greater accuracy and sensitivity must be balanced with the necessities of medical practice requiring minimally invasive sampling, rapid turnaround, and techniques that can be realistically utilized in a clinical laboratory. Better screening tests have great potential to improve neonatal and maternal medical outcomes by enhancing the speed and accuracy of diagnosis. They also have great promise for public health monitoring, policy development, and resource allocation. However, women can and have been arrested for positive drug screens with even preliminary results used to remove children from custody, before rigorous confirmatory testing is completed. Balancing the scientific, medical, public health, legal, and ethical aspects of screening tests for drugs in pregnancy is critical for helping to address this crisis at all levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening Pregnant Women and Their Neonates for Illicit Drug Use: Consideration of the Integrated Technical, Medical, Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues

2018

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“…Since 1999, opioid abuse in the US has quadrupled, resulting in about 78 deaths per day (Metz, Brown, Martins, & Palamar, 2018). It has also resulted in an increase in the number of neonates born with NAS (Metz, Brown, Martins, & Palamar, 2018). NAS is a drug withdrawal syndrome in infants born to women who engage in chronic use of opioids during pregnancy (March of Dimes, 2019).…”

Section: Maternal Opioid Abuse Characterization and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hospital costs associated with NAS have risen incrementally, jumping from $732 million in 2009, to $1.5 billion in 2012 (Metz, Brown, Martins, & Palamar, 2018).…”

Section: Maternal Opioid Abuse Characterization and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk factors commonly associated with opioid abuse and addiction among pregnant women include past or current substance abuse, young age, social or family environment (Webster, 2017), and the utilization of opioids to manage pain (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019). A study utilizing data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to characterize drug use among pregnant women between the ages of 18-44 years in the US who reported nonmedical opioid use and or other non-opioid illegal drug use within the past year, showed that 36.8 percent of participants used opioids only, 28.2 percent were opioid polydrug users, and 35.0 percent were users of other illegal drugs (Metz, Brown, Martins, & Palamar, 2018). Results from the study also showed that majority of the participants who engaged in opioid use were White (67.6 percent), and unmarried (66.2 percent) (Metz, Brown, Martins, & Palamar, 2018).…”

Section: Maternal Opioid Abuse Characterization and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal Opioid Abuse and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in the United States

Armstrong-Mensah¹,

Woolcock²,

Lee³

et al. 2020

RHS

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In the past decade, the United States has experienced an increase in deaths related to nonmedical and medical opioid overdose. This is due to a number of factors including an increase in recreational opioid use, and the over prescription of opioids for various conditions such as during pregnancy, injury, and illness. The over utilization of opioids during pregnancy in the United States has led to an increase in adverse neonatal birth outcomes including poor fetal growth, preterm birth, stillbirth, neonatal abstinence syndrome in neonates, and an increase in maternal mortality among mothers. These are dire consequences that should not be ignored. This paper discusses opioid abuse during pregnancy and its effects on neonates in the United States. It also discusses some challenges associated with the diagnosis of neonatal abstinence syndrome and provides recommendations for addressing the issue Additionally, it discusses what mothers can do to prevent neonatal abstinence syndrome.

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“…Por conseguinte, é aconselhável que a identificação de tabagismo entre gestantes seja acompanhada pela investigação e aconselhamento de profissionais da saúde sobre os riscos do consumo de drogas ilícitas (ROCHA et al, 2016;METZ et al, 2018). FREIRE;PADILHA;SAUNDERS, 2009;GALÃO et al, 2009;BARBOSA et al, 2015;CAMPOS, 2015).…”

Section: Escala De Estresseunclassified

Fatores sociodemográficos e psicológicos associados ao tabagismo na gravidez

Fujita¹

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Characteristics of drug use among pregnant women in the United States: Opioid and non-opioid illegal drug use

Abstract: Pregnant drug-using women were often of low socioeconomic status, with mental health and substance use patterns suggesting the need for targeted mental health/substance use screening and interventions before and during pregnancy, particularly for opioid-polydrug users.

Cited by 49 publications

References 20 publications

Screening Pregnant Women and Their Neonates for Illicit Drug Use: Consideration of the Integrated Technical, Medical, Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues

Screening Pregnant Women and Their Neonates for Illicit Drug Use: Consideration of the Integrated Technical, Medical, Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues

Maternal Opioid Abuse and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in the United States

Fatores sociodemográficos e psicológicos associados ao tabagismo na gravidez

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