Characteristics of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using liquid and gel polymer electrolytes with tetrapropylammonium salt

Observation of ionic conductivity on PUA-TBAI-I2 gel polymer electrolyte

“…At higher concentrations of salt, ion association took place and neutral charges were formed which in return reduced the mobility of free ions and resulted in a decrease in ionic conductivity. Another example was spotted in the report of Addullaziz Abdukarimov et al 43 who reported that as the amount of TPAI salts in PEO: PC: EC: DMF: I 2 liquid electrolyte increased, the ionic conductivity increased up to 8.98 ± 0.23 mS cm −1 for a sample containing 19.61 wt% TPAI as it had the lowest R value (14.2 Ω). Addullaziz Abdukarimov et al also stated that the value of the ionic conductivity could be enhanced by increasing the number density of the free ions in the liquid electrolytes.…”

Recent advances in graphene-based materials for dye-sensitized solar cell fabrication

“…Therefore, the PCE is given by the ratio of the power output (P out ) to the power input (P in ), i.e., it is measured by the quantity of incoming light that can be converted into electrical energy per unit time. 38,39 The PCE is determined by investigating the photovoltaic parameters, such as open-circuit voltage (V oc ), short-circuit current density (J sc ) and ll factor (FF) according to eqn (5): [38][39][40]…”

“…36,41 Hence, the current through an external load is always less than J sc . FF is a measure of the solar cell's quality as a power source, given by the ratio of the maximum power delivered by the cell to a load, i.e., maximum power output of the cell to its theoretical power output, i.e., its potential power output, and is determined by eqn (6): [38][39][40] FF ¼…”

Dependence of the characteristics of dye-sensitized solar cells on amount tetrapropylammonium iodide

“…The active area of the DSSC was 0.20 cm2. The fill factor (FF) was calculated following the equation [14,15,16]:…”